中国小麦土壤氮素丰缺指标与适宜施氮量研究  

Study on the abundance-deficiency indices of soil N and appropriate nitrogen application rates for wheat in China

作　　者：孙洪仁[1] 张吉萍 冮丽华 吕玉才 王应海 SUN Hongren;ZHANG Jiping;GANG Lihua;LV Yucai;WANG Yinghai(Institute of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,China;Beijing Cofine Sci.＆Tech Co. Ltd, Beijing 100095,China;Beijing Academy of Potato Net Agriculture Science, Beijing 100043,China;Beijing Insentek Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing 100086,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草地研究所,北京100193 [2]凯风新农(北京)科技有限公司,北京100095 [3]北京薯网农业科学研究院,北京100043 [4]北京东方润泽生态科技股份有限公司,北京100086

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2018年第2期41-46,共6页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-35)

摘　　要：文章系统总结了中国开展的小麦土壤氮素丰缺指标与适宜施氮量研究,结果表明,30年来中国小麦土壤氮素丰缺指标未发生明显变化;小麦土壤氮素丰缺指标不同区域之间差异很大,以缺氮处理相对产量60%指标为例,土壤碱解氮含量变动于21~97 mg/kg;除关中灌区、河套灌区和河西走廊外,中国小麦土壤氮素丰缺指标研究存在很多空白区域;小麦土壤缺氮较为普遍,第4~5级为土壤氮素集中分布的丰缺级别,缺氮处理相对产量大多处在60%~80%;土壤养分丰缺指标研究的试验点数不宜过少,丰缺指标高端和低端采用外推数据需谨慎,并应予以注明;适宜施氮量与土壤氮素丰缺级别线性负相关,与小麦目标产量线性正相关,与氮肥当季利用率线性负相关;当氮肥当季利用率40%、目标产量3~12 t/hm^2时,土壤氮素丰缺级别第1~7级的小麦适宜施氮量范围依次为0,21~84,42~168,63~252,84~336,105~420,126~504 kg/hm^2。In this paper,research on abundance-deficiency index（ADI） of soil N for wheat（SNFW） and appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application rate （ANFAR） conducted in China were systematically summarized. The results showed that the ADI of SNFW in China had not changed obviously in 30 years. There were considerable differences in their ADI of SNFW in different regions,and the ADI of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen for wheat for 60% relative yield （RY） of the complete nutrients treatment except nitrogen （TCNTEN） changed from 21 to 97 mg/kg. Except the Guanzhong irrigation district,Hetao irrigation area and the Hexi corridor,research on ADI of SNFW in China had many blank regions. Soil N deficiency for wheat in China were common, and the abundance-deficiency levels of SNFW focused on level 4~5,and most RYs of TCNTEN were between 60%~80%. For research on ADI of soil nutrient,the number of trial sites should not be too little,and using extrapolating data for the high-end and low-end of ADI should be careful and indicated. ANFAR and the abundance- deficiency level of SNFW are linear negative correlation. ANFAR and the yield goal of wheat are linear positive correlation. ANFAR and the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in current season （NFUEICS） are linear negative correlation. When the NFUEICS of 40% and the target yield of 3~12 t/hm^2,the ANFAR for the SNFW abundance-deficiency level 1~7 from high to low are 0~0, 21 ~84,42~168,63~252,84~336,105~420 and 126~504 kg/hm^2, respectively.

关 键 词：中国 测土施肥 碱解氮 全氮 有机质 肥力指标 施肥量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]