汉语句法中的框-棂关系  

Frame-Pane Relations in Chinese Syntax

作　　者：张伯江 ZHANG Bojiang(Institute of Literature, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 5 Jianguomennei Dajie, Beijing 100732)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所,北京市建国门内大街5号100732

出　　处：《当代语言学》2018年第2期231-242,共12页Contemporary Linguistics

摘　　要：汉语的句法关系是篇章关系的凝结,廖秋忠在篇章关系中确立的"框-棂"语义关系可以用来刻画汉语的句法关系。传统上所谓的主谓谓语句、周遍性主语句、无定主语句、反身与相互代词句、名词作状语以及带"得"的补语句等句式中,都存在着大的话题框之下,说明语中还有一个小的次话题棂的现象。汉语的基本句法关系是话题-说明关系,论元关系的有无在句首部分并不重要。话题的指称性质宜以通指性为基本认识,而作为棂成分的次话题,其指称性质倒是多种多样的。This paper discusses the phenomenon of ＂multiple-NP sentence＂ within the framework of ＂frame-pane＂ relations proposed by Liao （1985）. Along with the investigation of the nature of some NPs in the comment part that are related to the the properties of topic in a certain way, the fundamental status of the ＂topic-comment＂ relation in Chinese is further explored below the sentence level. The ＂frame-pane＂ relationship in Liao （1985） focused mainly on semantic relations in Chinese discourse. However, as the semantic-discourse relations in Chinese discourse often condense into important syntactic relations, the concept of ＂frame-pane＂ has already developed into a syntactic relation that captures several syntactic phenomena that are traditionally considered irrelevant, such as the subjects in the subject-predicate as predicate structures, the distributive subjects, the interrogative words, the reflexive and reciprocal pronouns, the nominal adverbials, the indefinite subjects and the referential expressions before ＇ DE＇ in verb-complement structures. Some of these ＂panes＂ are treated as ＂subtopics＂ or ＂minor- subjects＂, and some as adverbials. We think that treating some of the elements mentioned above as ＂subjects＂ not only faces the challenge of arriving at a consensus over the issue of the definition of ＂subject＂, but also fails to capture the cases that no ＂subjects＂ could be found, which is common in Chinese. Moreover, although many adverbials can be argued to be panes, the opposite is not always true. As a matter of fact, every pane can be regarded as ＂subtopic＂, but this ＂subtopic＂ should only be defined in terms of the ＂topic-comment＂ structure in Chinese. It is also necessary to point out that the ＂pane＂ does not exist in every sentence. However, it is possible that the comment part of the ＂topic-comment＂ structure contains a secondary ＂topic-comment＂ structure, and this secondary ＂topic＂ would be considered as ＂pane＂, as th

关 键 词：话题-说明 框-棂 次话题 名-实耦 通指性 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]