鸦胆子对鸡球虫卵囊孢子化率及子孢子的直接杀伤作用  

Effects of Brucea javanica extracts on sporulation of chicken coccidian oocysts and the direct killing effect on sporozoites

作　　者：蓝丽华 杨怡[1] 左保杏子 陈学秋[1] 杜爱芳[1] LAN Li-hua;YANG Yi;ZUO Bao-xing-zi;CHEN Xue-qiu;DU Ai-fang(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine ,College of Animal Sciences ,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058 ,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学动物科学学院浙江省动物预防医学重点实验室

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2018年第4期776-783,790,共9页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：浙江省重大专项重点农业基金资助项目(2012C12009-2);浙江省重点科技创新团队基金资助项目(2012R10031-14)

摘　　要：自苦木科植物鸦胆子中提取了鸦胆子油（BJ—PE）、鸦胆子乙醇萃取物（BJEE）和鸦胆子水提物（BJWE），通过气相色谱一质谱联用技术（GC—MS）检测了鸦胆子油的化学成分，并探讨了鸦胆子提取物对鸡球虫卵囊抱子化的影响及对子孢子的直接杀伤作用。结果显示，通过GC—MS法鉴定出鸦胆子油中含有32种化合物，主要为脂肪酸、脂肪醇类化合物及少量芳香族化合物。鸡球虫卵囊经BJEE、BJ-WE和Bruceine-D处理后，未孢子化率升高，其中8g／LBJ—WE处理组中未孢子化卵囊的数量显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。子孢子经BJEE和Bruceine—D处理后，数量显著减少，形态发生明显变化，表现出变短、变圆的趋势。透射电镜观察发现，子孢子或萎缩成小球，外膜轮廓模糊，淀粉粒减少；或细胞膜破裂，胞内细胞器排列混乱；或呈现哑铃型，结构扭曲。综上所述，鸦胆子提取物对鸡球虫卵囊的孢子化具有一定的抑制作用，对子孢子具有较强的直接杀伤作用，为抗球虫药物的研发提供了新选择。Three kinds of Brucea javanica extracts including B. javanica petroleum ether extract （BJ-PE） ,B. javanica ethanol extract（BJ-EE） and B. javanica water extract（BJ-WE） were pre- pared through ethanol-refluxing method followed by solid-liquid extraction. The chemical constitu- ents of BJ-PE（B. javanica oil） were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC- MS}. The effect of B. javanica extracts on the sporulation of chicken coccidia oocysts and the di- rect killing effects on sporozoites were studied. The results showed that a total of 32 compounds were identified in Brucea javanica oil by GC-MS mainly containing fatty acids, fatty alcohols and a small amount of aromatic compounds. After treated with BJ-EE,BJ-WE and Bruceine-D,the spor- ulation rate of chicken oocysts was increased. The number of non-sporulated oocysts in 8 g/L BJ WE treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group （P〈0. 05）. After treatment with BJ EE and Bruceine-D,the number of sporozoites decreased markedly,and the mor- phological changes were obvious, showing a shorter, rounded trend. Further observation using transmission electron microscopy showed that some sporozoites shrinked into small globules, the outline of outer membrane was blurred,and the starch granules decreased; some sporozoites were ruptured and the intracellular organelles were disordered; other sporozoites were with a morbid dumbbell-shaped twisted structure. In conclusion, B. javanica extracts have a certain inhibitory effect on the sporulation of coccidian oocysts,and have an effective effect on anti-Eimeria tenella sporozoites. The anti-coccidial effects of B. javanica extracts in vitro were studied for the first time in this study and this provides a new choice for the development of anticoccidial drugs.

关 键 词：鸦胆子 鸡球虫 孢子化率 子孢子 

分 类 号：S858.31[农业科学—临床兽医学]