基于权重约束DEA和Tobit模型农业灌溉用水效率实证研究——以黑龙江省为例  

An Empirical Study on Agriculture Irrigation Water Use Efficiency Based on Weight Constraints DEA and Tobit Model——A Case Study of Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：梁静溪[1] 张安康 李彩凤 LIANG Jing-xi;ZHANG An-kang;LI Cai-feng(College of Economies Management, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang Province, China;Lanzhou Foreign Languages Vocational College, Lanzhou 730101, Gansu Province, China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨理工大学经济管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]甘肃省兰州市兰州外语职业学院,甘肃兰州730101

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2018年第4期62-68,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

摘　　要：农业灌溉用水效率是评价灌溉水利用情况的重要依据,灌溉水利用效率的提高是加强农业综合实力和保障国家粮食安全的重要举措,也是构建节水型社会的基本要求。选取2013-2015年黑龙江省13个地区的数据,基于权重约束DEA和Tobit模型对农业灌溉用水效率及其影响因素进行测算和分析。结果发现:(1)加入权重约束的DEA模型更符合黑龙江省农业灌溉用水的实际情况,该模型一方面降低了传统DEA模型中出现的大范围高效率问题,另一方面避免了输入要素权重值为0的问题;(2)黑龙江省农业灌溉用水效率与降水量、水库容量、粮食作物播种面积占总播种面积的比重、人均GDP呈负向效应,与气温、水库数量、除涝面积呈正向效应,对此引入水价、制度、技术措施来提高黑龙江省农业灌溉用水效率。The agriculture irrigation water use efficiency is an important basis for evaluating the utilization of agriculture irrigation water. The improvement of irrigation water use efficiency is the key to enhance the comprehensive strength of national agriculture and ensure national food security. It is also the basic requirement and focus of building water saving society. In this paper, the data of 13 regions in Heilongjiang Province from 2013 to 2015 are selected, and the agriculture irrigation water use efficiency are estimated and analyzed by DEA and Tobit model. The results show that：① DEA model with weight constraint is more in line with the actual situation of agricultural irrigation water in Heilongjiang Province. On the one hand, it reduces the large scale high efficiency problem in the traditional DEA model. On the other hand, it avoids the problem that the input element weight value is zero; ② Agricuhural irrigation water use efficiency has negative effect to precipitation, capacity, grain crop area accounted for the proportion of the total sown area, per capita GDP, and while it has positive effect to temperature, the number of reservoirs, waterlogging area. According to some suggestions about improving the agriculture irrigation water use efficiency of Heilongjiang Province are put forward from the aspects of water price, system and technical measurements.

关 键 词：农业 灌溉用水效率 DEA模型 权重约束 TOBIT模型 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程] F3[农业科学—农业工程]