在契约与功能之间:刑法体系的合宪性控制  

Between Function and Contract: The Constitutional Control of Criminal Law System

作　　者：姜涛[1] Jiang Tao

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2018年第2期156-172,共17页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"刑法体系的合宪性控制研究"(17AFX018);马克思主义理论研究和建设工程重大项目兼国家社会科学基金重大项目"全面推进依法治国重大现实问题研究"(2015MZD042)的阶段性成果;江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)的经费支持

摘　　要：古典刑法立足于契约主义,把刑法视为民众的社会生活约定,强调刑罚并不是越多越好,突显了刑法的谦抑性。现代刑法立足于功能主义,把刑法视为犯罪控制的工具,刑法自身存在着扩大化趋势,法益保护的早期化、膨胀化与抽象化成为发展趋势。不能把刑法对社会生活的被动回应"粉饰"为刑法的适应力,面对功能主义刑法的极度扩张,现代刑法理论应当强化合宪主义刑法观,重视刑法体系的合宪性控制:(1)刑法修正的主体应由全国人大常委会回归全国人大,以实现刑事立法权的定型化;(2)现代刑法不可以为预防主要犯罪而规定次要犯罪,犯罪设定需要重视二元化犯罪模式的创新价值,量刑制度需要关注犯罪后的合作带来的变革意义;(3)刑法解释应当立足于法益论的宪法化改造,重视合宪性解释的制度建构及运用。Classical criminal law is based on contractualism, taking the criminal law as the contract on the social life of people and emphasizing that it is not definitely good that there can be more articles, which can adhere to limiting criminal law. While contemporary criminal law is based on functionalism, taking the criminal law as the tool of controlling crimes. Besides, the criminal law tends to expand itself and the protection of legal interest tends to be advanced, expanded and abstracted. Confronted with the extreme extension of functional criminal law, the theory ＇of contemporary criminal law should reinforce the concept of constitutional criminal law and attach importance to the constitutional control of criminal law system, rather than ＂sugar up＂ the passive response of criminal law to social life as the adaptability of criminal law： （ 1 ） In order to realize the canalization of criminal legislative authority, the subject of the amendment of criminal law should return to National People＇ s Congress from Standing Committee of the National People＇s Congress; （2） Contemporary criminal law should not add more minor crimes in order to prevent major crimes and pay more attention to the innovative value of dualistic criminal pattern when expressing the criminal terms and the revolutional value of after - crime cooperation in the senten- cing system; （3）Criminal interpretation should be established in constitutionalizing the theory of legal interest, attaching more importance to constructing and applying the system of constitutional interpreta- tion.

关 键 词：市民刑法 风险刑法 合宪主义刑法观 合宪性解释 二元化犯罪模式 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]