冻土导热系数研究现状及进展  

Review of status and progress of the study in thermal conductivity of frozen soil

作　　者：何瑞霞[1] 金会军[1,2] 赵淑萍[1,3] 邓友生 HE Ruixia;JIN Huijun;ZHAO Shuping;DENG Yousheng(State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, School of Geographic Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州7300002 [2]哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150090 [3]南京师范大学地理科学学院虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2018年第1期116-126,共11页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41401081;41671055);冻土工程国家重点实验室自主研究项目(SKLFSE-ZT-41;SKLFSE-ZT-12);冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLFSE201504)资助

摘　　要：冻土导热系数是影响冻土温度及热通量变化的一个重要参数,也是研究陆地表层水热盐耦合运移的基本物理参数。根据国内外研究现状,列举了导热系数的测试方法(稳态法和瞬态法),总结并讨论了冻土导热系数的影响因素及其变化规律,并对目前已有的导热系数计算模型进行了比较分析。现有研究认为:土壤质地、温度和含水(冰)量、孔隙度、土壤有机质等是影响冻土导热系数的主要因素,因此,冻土土导热系数随这些影响因素的变化规律方面的研究工作非常多;而关于未冻水含量、土骨架组成及冻土结构等对冻土导热系数影响的相关研究较为缺乏。通过比较分析国内外土壤热导率计算的相关模型,认为适用于常温下导热系数的模型发展趋于成熟;而现存的适用于冻土区的导热系数计算模型多以一种或几种土壤条件为前提,或者多考虑局地因素影响,模型的适用性具有局限性。考虑到多年冻土区土壤受冻融循环影响较大,以及多年冻土内部水热传输过程的复杂性,多年冻土区导热系数的计算模型仍需进一步深入研究。Thermal conductivity of frozen soil is not only one of the crucial thermal parameters in determining the changes in soil temperature and heat fluxes,but also a fundamental physical parameter for studying the couple transport of heat,water and solute in the land surface. In this paper,an overview of advance in frozen soil thermal conductivity is made,the measuring methods of thermal conductivity are listed,the influencing factors and variations of thermal properties of soil are reviewed,and the parametric processes,the advantages and disadvantages of various models are also analyzed. The measuring methods of the thermal conductivity of frozen soil can be divided into two types： steady-state technique and the unsteady-state technique. Existing studies indicate that soil texture,temperature,water（ ice） content,porosity and soil organic matter are the main influencing factors,and their variations have been studied with considerable effort. However,researches on the thermal conductivity effects of unfrozen water content,soil skeleton composition and permafrost structures are not enough. In this paper,the models of soil thermal conductivity at home and abroad were compared and analyzed. It is believed that the models employed in simulating soil thermal conductivity have entered their mature stage. However,the existing thermal conductivity computation models applied in frozen soil regions have certain limitations,owing to their mainly based on the premise of one kind or several kinds of soil and only consideration of the influence of some local factors. Considering the soil is significantly influenced by the freeze-thaw cycle and the complexity of internal process of heat and water transfer in permafrost regions,the model simulation of the thermal conductivity in permafrost regions still needs further to be improved.

关 键 词：冻土 导热系数 测试方法 影响因素 计算模型 研究进展 

分 类 号：P642.14[天文地球—工程地质学]