三峡库区腹地万州段城市居民饮用水水质卫生学监测  

Hygiene monitoring of drinking water quality of urban residents of Wanzhou in the hinterland of the Three Gorges reservoir region

作　　者：罗华[1] 王军燕 杨万进 向辉 赵怡楠[4] 张太敏[1] 向海森 王丹[5] LUO Hua;WANG Jun-yan;YANG Wan-jin;XIANG Hui;ZHAO Yi-nan;ZHANG Tai-min;XIANG Hai-sen;WANG Dan;(Wanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 404000, Chin)

机构地区：[1]重庆市万州区疾病预防控制中心饮水消毒科,重庆404000 [2]贵州省遵义医学院预防医学系,贵州遵义563000 [3]重庆医科大学公共卫生与管理学院,重庆400016 [4]重庆市疾病预防控制中心公共卫生所,重庆400016 [5]重庆三峡医药高等专科学校,重庆404000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2018年第8期1380-1383,1408,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的通过对三峡库区腹地万州段城市居民饮用水卫生监测,探讨水质不安全因素,为政府防控介水疾病及保护人群健康决策提供参考。方法选择三峡库区腹地万州段11家市政供水水厂作为研究对象,于2014-2017年(4-6月)枯水期和(7-9月)丰水期对水质进行监测,其出厂水与末梢水检测指标34~38项。结果共监测水样252件,合格136件,合格率53.97%。浑浊度、臭和味、铝、锰、硫酸盐、耗氧量、氨氮、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、菌落总数、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希菌的合格率为91.27%~99.60%,消毒剂、三氯乙醛、亚氯酸盐、总大肠菌群合格率相对较低,分别为84.92%、87.88%、88.89%、89.68%,氯酸盐合格率最低仅为49.28%。出厂水毒理学指标合格率63.51%低于末梢水的86.52%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=17.134,P<0.001);丰水期消毒及微生物指标合格率为75.40%和77.78%,低于枯水期的91.27%和88.10%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=11.429,P<0.01,χ~2=4.739,P<0.05)。结论三峡库区腹地万州段城市居民饮用水合格情况虽逐年有所上升,但水质总体合格率低,存在氯酸盐、三氯乙醛、亚氯酸盐、总大肠菌群、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷不安全因素,尤以氯酸盐突出。Objective To provide a basis for the government to explore unsafe factors,prevent and control the disease and protect the health decision-making of the residents through the monitoring of drinking water hygiene of Wanzhou in the hinterland of the Three Gorges reservoir region.Methods 11 municipal water supply plants in Wanzhou were selected as the respondent.The water quality was monitored during the dry season dry season of the 2014-2017（April-June） and wet season of the 2014-2017（July-September）.There were 34-38 indicators of peripheral water and treated water.Results A total of252 monitored drinking water samples have qualified rate of 53.97%.The qualified rates of the turbidity,odor and taste,aluminum,manganese,sulfate,oxygen consumption,ammonia nitrogen,chloroform,dichloromethane,the CFU,the heat-resistant coliform bacteria and the Escherichia coli were 91.27%-99.60%.The qualified rates of disinfectant,trichloroacetaldehyde,chlorite and the total coliform were 84.92%,87.88%,88.89% and 89.68%.The qualified rate of chlorate was only 49.28%.The qualified rate of treated water toxicology index was 63.51% lower than the 86.52% of the peripheral water,respectively（χ2=17.134 P〈0.001）.The rates of disinfection and microbial indicators were 75.40% and 77.78% during wet season,which were lower than dry season＇s indicators（91.27%,88.10%） respectively（χ2= 11.429 P〈0.01,χ2=4.739 P〈0.05）.Conclusion The drinking water quality of the urban residents of Wanzhou in the hinterland of the Three Gorges reservoir region has increased year by year.However,the overall qualified rate of water quality is low.There are unsafe factors among chlorate,trichloroacetaldehyde,chlorite,total coliform,trichloromethane,dichloromethane,and especially prominently in chlorate.It is recommended to strengthen the water and disinfection process,eliminate the hazards,and ensure the safety of drinking water.

关 键 词：饮用水质 城市居民 卫生监测 三峡库区 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]