老化和精神疾病引起的皮层抑制功能变化  

Cortical Inhibition Related to Aging and Mental Disorders

作　　者：陈为迎 李胜光 张弢[3,1,2] CHEN Wei-Ying;LI Sheng-Guang;ZHANG Tao(state Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing 100101;Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101;Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100101 [3]脑与认知科学国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《生物化学与生物物理进展》2018年第4期401-408,共8页Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31271175)资助

摘　　要：脑神经网络信息加工的实现方式主要依赖于兴奋性和抑制性突触连接.脑内抑制性神经元数量较少,但在信息加工和神经可塑性等方面作用极其重要,而且抑制系统失常与多种脑功能障碍有关联.脑内抑制性神经环路可粗略分为皮层内和皮层间(包括前馈和反馈)两种,分别介导同一脑区内和不同脑区间的抑制作用.本文先围绕中心-外周抑制和运动方向互斥介绍了皮层间、皮层内抑制的行为表现和作用机制,然后以老化和精神疾病为例综述了脑功能障碍与视觉系统皮层抑制功能变化间的联系,希望能对相关研究工作有所助益.The neural network of our brain processes all kinds of information through excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Although there are less inhibitory neurons in the brain, they are extremely important in regulating information processing and neuronal plasticity. Further more, various of brain dysfunctions are related to the disfunction of inhibitory system. Inter-cortical inhibition, which includes feedforward and feedback projections,mediates the inhibitory effects between different brain areas. Intra-cortical inhibition, or mutual inhibition,mediates inhibitory interactions between neurons nearby but with different preferences. In this review, we introduced the behavioral performance of two kinds of inbitiory mechanisms, using center-surround suppression and motion repulsion paradigm as examples. Then we related the changes of cortical inhibition to aging and two typical mental disorders.

关 键 词：皮层间抑制 皮层内抑制 中心外周抑制 运动方向排斥 脑功能障碍 

分 类 号：B845.1[哲学宗教—心理学]