茭白田套养中华鳖多级种养模式的作用与功能评价  

Analysis of Different Farming Combined Models of Pelodiscus sinensis and Zizania latifolia

作　　者：邢阿宝 崔海峰 俞晓平 张雅芬 叶子弘 XING Abao;CUI Haifeng;YU Xiaoping;ZHANG Yafen;YE Zihong(Zhefiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection ＆ Quarantine, China Jiliang University College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学生命科学学院/浙江省生物计量及检验检疫技术重点实验室,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《核农学报》2018年第5期1031-1039,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(3147085);浙江省公益项目(2014C32022)

摘　　要：为改善茭田生态环境,进一步完善茭白田间种养结合模式的技术和理论体系,本研究通过在茭白-中华鳖种养结合模式中引入活体饵料,筛选优化茭田套养中华鳖的多级种养结合模式。结果表明,中华鳖对活体饵料的取食偏好性差异明显,中华鳖对泥鳅和白条鱼的取食量较高(每天平均取食量分别为5.0 g和5.6 g),少量取食克氏螯虾(2.0 g)和螺蛳(0.4 g);组合饲喂时中华鳖对各饵料的取食总量高于单一饲喂,中华鳖个体生长率较好,表明活体饵料组合饲喂有利于中华鳖的生长发育。茭白-中华鳖多级种养田间调查发现,多级种养组合茭白田间虫害有所减少,捕食性昆虫数量增加;茭白-中华鳖-白条鱼组合的茭白经济性状表现较好,其中净茭率为69.5%,显著高于其他试验组合;而茭白-中华鳖-白条鱼-螺蛳模式更有利于中华鳖体重和甲背增长,说明多级种养结合有助于提高茭白经济性状和中华鳖产量;此外,多级种养结合中的茭白与中华鳖品质检测均达到国家绿色食品标准。本研究为构建茭白田套养中华鳖的多级种养结合模式,实现田间茭白与中华鳖的绿色高效安全生产提供了理论依据。By introducing different species of live bait in the farming model of ‘Z. Latifolia-P. sinensis＇（ ZP model）,the optimizations were selected to improve the ecological environment and promote the technical and theoretical researches on the farming of ‘Z. Latifolia-P. sinensis＇. The results showed that there were significant differences in feeding preference among different diets. More loach and white fish were fed by P. sinensis than crayfish and snail among different combinations of live baits. The feeding amounts of loach and white fish were 5. 0 g and 5. 6 g in the single combinations,while the feeding amounts of crayfish and snail were 2. 0 g and 0. 4 g,respectively. The average foraging amounts and growth rate of P. sinensis with combination baits were higher than those with single bait,and showed that the combination of live baits was more benefit to the growth of P. Sinensis. Different combinations of farming models with extended food chain（ ZPX model） were designed and conducted in the field. The reduced numbers of pest and increased numbers of beneficial insect were observed in the ZPX model than those in ZP model. Among different combined models,the combination of Z. Latifolia-P. sinensis-fish had better economic traits of Z. latiforlia with highest rate of swollen stem to69. 5%,while the combination of Z. Latifolia-P. sinensis-fish-snail was more benefit to the growth of P. sinensis with higher weight and longer back-plate. Quality detection of the Z. latiforlia and P. sinensis were all found to reach the national standards of green food. This study established the better ZPX models with safe and efficient production of Z.latifolia and P. sinensis were established and discussed.

关 键 词：中华鳖 茭白 活体饵料 取食量及偏好性 多级种养结合 

分 类 号：S645.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S966.5[农业科学—园艺学]