被侵权人自杀时共同过失规则的适用——基于国际经验的借镜  

The Application of Contributory Negligence Rule in Case of the Suicide of Victims——From the Perspective of Comparative Law

作　　者：杨天红[1] Yang Tian - hong(School of law, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, Chin)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《政法学刊》2018年第1期46-53,共8页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目"我国大规模侵权损害救济体系的建构"(CDJSK11010)

摘　　要：侵权行为人是否应就受害人自杀造成的损害承担赔偿责任是侵权法理论研究中的难点问题。共同过失规则作为侵权行为法中平衡双方当事人利益的重要规则,在侵权受害人因侵权行为影响而自杀时如何适用该规则划定侵权责任是一个亟待理论界和实务界深入探讨的问题。Corr v.IBC Vehicles Ltd案是一起典型的侵权受害人自杀案,以此案为切入点,总结侵权受害人自杀情形下适用共同过失规则的国际经验。同时检视我国司法实践处理此类案件的基本思路,并在借镜国外经验的基础上,提出我国司法实践中适用共同过失规则处理侵权受害人自杀情形案件时应考虑受害人的过失相抵能力、正确认识无过错责任中受害人"重大过失"的二重意义、确立一个较为明确的责任分配原则。Whether the tortfeasors are liable for the damages arising from the suicide of victims is a tough is- sue for the tort theories. The contributory negligence rule is essential for the balancing of both parties＇interests, but an in -depth exploration is needed when deciding whether or not this rule shall be applied and how to apply this rule so as to allocate liabilities in case the victims commit suicide under the influence of tortuous acts. Corr v. IBC Vehicles Ltd is a typical case of victims＂ suicide , so we are able to discuss the allocation of liabilities with the ap- plication of contributory negligence rule. When checking the thinking modes of the judiciary departments under the guidance of contributory negligence rule to allocate liabilities in case the victims commit suicide, we need to con- sider the counterbalancing of victims＂ negligence, establish a clear liability allocation rule, and get a sound under- standing of the two - fold meanings of victims＂ gross negligence when applying the contributory negligence rule in the no- fault cases.

关 键 词：自杀 共同过失 比较法 侵权责任 责任分配 

分 类 号：D923.7[政治法律—民商法学]