制度环境、政府效能与“大众创业万众创新”——来自跨国经验证据  

Institutional Environment,Government Efficiency and Activity of Entrepreneurship and Innovation

作　　者：赖敏[1] 余泳泽[2] 刘大勇[3] 孟勤国[4] Lai Min;Yu Yongze;Liu Dayong;Meng Qinguo(Business School of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;Institute of Industrial Development, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China;Collage of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;Law school of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学商学院,530004 [2]南京财经大学产业发展研究院,210003 [3]天津大学管理与经济学部,300072 [4]广西大学法学院,530004

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2018年第1期19-33,共15页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"适宜性创新模式选择与区域全要素生产率提升:基于创新价值链与空间外溢视角"(71403115);国家社会科学基金"基于技术授权途径的我国产业攀登技术制高点战略研究"(15CJY009);江苏省333工程项目"创新投入为何不能转化为技术进步:基于适宜性创新模式视角的研究";江苏省高校优势学科;江苏现代服务业协同创新中心;江苏省高校品牌专业的资助

摘　　要：本文以世界银行191个国家1996—2014年的非均衡面板数据,从国家层面分析了制度环境和政府效能对创新创业活动的影响。研究发现:(1)一个国家法律对投资者保护越完善,政府对腐败监察力度越高,越有利于稳定企业预期和激发企业的创新创业行为。(2)政府效能的提升可以显著改善企业的创新创业活动,降低企业注册成本、减少不必要的政府干预、缩短企业各项环节审批的时间将有利于促进企业的创新创业活动。(3)法律制度对投资者保护程度、对腐败的监管程度等制度环境对高收入国家的创新活动影响更加明显。政府效能对中等收入国家创业活动影响更加显著。(4)无论是在政府效能还是在法律对投资者保护以及对腐败监管等方面,成功跨越"中等收入陷阱"的高收入国家环境质量都明显高于中等收入国家。中国在创新创业的制度环境上仍远低于发达国家水平。本研究从国家层面丰富了制度环境、政府效能与创新创业关系研究的经验证据,研究结论可以为中国实施"大众创业万众创新"战略提供政策经验证据。This paper analyzes the impact of institutional environment and government effectiveness on innovation and entrepreneurship by the non balanced panel data of 191 countries in 1996-2014. The result shows that： （1）the more perfect a national laws for the protection of investors is, and the higher government corruption supervision is, the expectation of business is more stable, which can stimulate innovation and entrepreneurship for enterprise; （2）the effectiveness of the government promotion can significantly improve the enterprise innovation and entrepreneurial activity. Reducing unnecessary government intervention and shortening the time of the approval of enterprises will be conducive to the promotion of innovation and entrepreneu- rial activity of the enterprise; （3）Institutional environment has more obvious impact on the innovation activities of high income countries. Government efficiency has more significant impact on the entrepreneurial activity in the middle income countries; （4）whether it is the government efficiency or the institutional environment, the success of the high income countries across the middle-income trap is significantly higher than the middle-income countries. China＇s institutional environment for innovation and entrepreneurship is still far below the level of developed coun- tries. This study enriches the impact of institutional environment and government efficiency on innovation and entrepreneurship from the national level. The conclusions can provide policy empirical evidence of implement innovation and entrepreneurship for China.

关 键 词：制度环境 政府效能 创新 创业 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学] F279.1[政治法律—中外政治制度]