贵阳市0～14岁儿童哮喘流行病学初筛调查结果分析  

Analysis of Epidemiological Screening of Asthma in Children Aged 0～14 Years in Guiyang

作　　者：邹培远 黄灵敏 李波[2] 杨俊[2] 崔玉霞[3] 卢根 朱晓萍[2] ZOU Peiyuan;HUANG Lingmin;LI Bo;YANG Jun;CUI Yuxia;LU Gen;ZHU Xiaoping(Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China;Children＇s Medical Center of Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medieal University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China;Department of pediatries, Guizhou people＇s Hospital , Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China;Respiratory Department of Guiyang Children＇s Hospital, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学,贵州贵阳550004 [2]贵州医科大学附院贵州儿童医学中心,贵州贵阳550004 [3]贵州省人民医院儿科,贵州贵阳550002 [4]贵阳市儿童医院呼吸科,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《贵州医科大学学报》2018年第4期436-440,共5页Journal of Guizhou Medical University

基　　金：贵州省科技厅社会发展基金[黔科合SY(2010)3018号];贵阳市科技局社会发展领域科技攻关项目(2010筑科农合同字第1-社-23号)

摘　　要：目的:分析贵阳市0~14岁儿童哮喘流行病学初筛调查结果。方法:采用随机整群抽样和回顾性询问填表法对贵阳市10 610例儿童进行哮喘筛查和确诊,筛查问卷调查包括Q1~Q8共8项,其中Q7和Q8项含有A、B、C、D共4个亚项;Q1~Q6筛查阳性的患儿,进一步行肺功能检查明确哮喘诊断,以最后确诊哮喘人数为依据,统计Q1~Q6项初筛哮喘阳性分布情况,统计Q7和Q8各亚项初筛阳性人数分别占Q7项、Q8项初筛阳性人数比例情况及与哮喘确诊人数的关系。结果:初筛问卷调查显示,男童哮喘患病率高于女童(P<0.002 5),且3~5岁儿童为哮喘发病高峰年龄段(P<0.001);Q1~Q6各题初筛阳性人数占总调查人数百分比中,Q5的阳性率最高(16.8%);Q7A及Q8B初筛阳性人数分别占Q7、Q8初筛阳性人数的百分比最高,分别为55.94%、57.39%;Q7B和Q8A的哮喘确诊人数分别占Q7B、Q8A初筛阳性人数的百分比最高,分别为13.87%、15.85%(χ~2=81.324,P<0.001;χ~2=17.667,P<0.002 5);单因素分析示Q1~Q8共14个因素与哮喘发病相关,多因素分析示Q1、Q4、Q5、Q7B、Q7D、Q8A是儿童哮喘发病的独立危险因素。结论:贵阳市儿童哮喘其发病可能与有过喘息、慢性咳嗽、反复呼吸道感染、过敏性鼻炎、食物过敏和父母哮喘史有关。Objective： To analyze the epidemiological screening of asthma in children aged 0 ~ 14 years in Guiyang. Methods： 10610 children in Guiyang were screened and diagnosed by random cluster sampling and retrospective inquiry. The screening questionnaire included 8 items of Q1 ~ Q8,of which Q7 and Q8 contained four subitems of A,B,C and D. Further pulmonary function test determined the diagnosis of asthma in Q1 ~ Q6 screening positive children,based on the number of confirmed asthma. The positive distribution of primary screening asthma in Q1 ~ Q6 items,the proportion of Q7 and Q8 primary screening positive persons in Q7 and Q8 subitems,the relationship between Q7 and Q8 primary screening positive persons,and the number of confirmed asthmatic patients were statistically analyzed. Results： The Preliminary screening questionnaire survey showed the prevalence of asthma in boys was higher than that in girls（ P〈0. 002 5）,and the children aged 3 to 5 were at the peak age of asthma（ P〈0. 001）. The positive rate of Q5 was the highest among the total number of people surveyed in Q1 ~ Q6（ 16. 8%）. Q7 A and Q8 B were the highest percentage of Q7 A and Q8 B primary screening positive persons with 55. 94% and 57. 39%,respectively. Q7 B and Q8 A had the highest percentage of diagnosed asthma in Q7 B and Q8 A with 13. 87% and 15. 85%,respectively（ χ^2= 81. 324,P〈0. 001; χ^2= 17. 667,P〈0. 002 5）. Univariate analysis showed that 14 factors of Q1 ~Q8 were associated with asthma. Multivariate analysis showed that Q1,Q4,Q5,Q7 B,Q7 D and Q8 A were an independent risk factor for asthma in children. Conclusions： Asthma in children in Guiyang may be associated with wheezing,chronic cough,recurrent respiratory tract infection,allergic rhinitis,food allergy and parental asthma history.

关 键 词：儿童 问卷调查 哮喘 患病率 过敏性疾病 阳性率 贵阳 

分 类 号：R725.63[医药卫生—儿科]