我国草牧业推进现状、问题及政策建议——基于山西、青海草牧业试点典型区域的调研  

Grass and Animal Husbandry in China:Status Quo,Issues and Policy Suggestions——Based on Investigation in Pilot Areas of Grass and Animal Husbandry in Shan'xi and Qinghai Provinces

作　　者：崔姹[1] 王明利[1] 胡向东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第3期73-80,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：农业部"现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金"(CARS-34);"中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目"(ASTIP-IAED-2017-01);国家自然科学基金项目"草原生态保护补奖政策效应研究"(71503251)

摘　　要：在对山西和青海草牧业发展典型试点区域实地调研的基础上,从草食畜牧业发展、"粮+经+饲"种植结构优化、牧草种植品种区域差异化及"粮改饲"比较效益等方面分析草牧业推进现状;对各试点区草牧业发展在科技推广、生产经营模式发展、融资平台建设、牧草青贮方式选择、牧草种植与精准扶贫融合、龙头企业带动等方面的经验进行总结;剖析草牧业发展中仍存在的传统种养观念盛行、牧草作业机械及配套设施保有量不足、发展技术制约明显、牧草生产高风险但没有建立政策性保险、金融扶持发展机制不到位等难点与突出问题。针对难点与突出问题提出切实做好宣传及科技推广培训工作、加快研发可以适应不同区域生产的牧草机械设备、全力促进草畜紧密结合、推进多样化牧草产业发展形式、推动牧草产业保险实施及加大金融支持力度等政策建议。Based on investigation in pilot areas of grass and animal husbandry in Shan’xi and Qinghai provinces,this paper first analyzes the current situations of grass and animal husbandry in China from the development of grass and animal husbandry,growth of herbivorous livestock,planting structure optimization,regional differentiation of grass planting varieties and comparative effectiveness of grain and forage crops,then summarizes the experience of grass and animal husbandry development in the pilot areas in the promotion of science and technology,mode development of production and management,construction of financing platform,path choice of grass silage,combination of forage planting and precision poverty alleviation and leading enterprises driving,etc.And finally analyzes several difficulties and problems in the development of grass and animal husbandry:traditional breeding concept prevails,forage machinery and facilities maintain shortage;technology development difficulties obviously restrict pasture production,policy insurance gaps do not match high risk and the mechanism of financial support is not in place.Therefore,aiming at the above difficulties and problems,this paper proposes such policy suggestions as strengthening publicity and popularization of science and technology training,speeding up research development of machinery and equipment suitable for different regions,promoting the integration of grass and breeding,pushing forward diversified forms of forage industry development,advancing the implementation of the forage industry insurance and increasing financial support and so on.

关 键 词：草牧业 牧草机械 牧草保险 金融扶持 

分 类 号：F326.3[经济管理—产业经济]