铁路女职工的心理健康状况及职业影响因素  

Mental health status in railway female workers and its occupational influencing factors

作　　者：季福玲[1] 刘贞梅 刘志胜[1] 邹建芳[3] 俞文兰[4] 李红梅[3] 李娟[3] 孔令敏 姜茜 Ji Fuling;Liu Zhenmei;Liu Zhisheng;Zou Jianfan;Yu wenlan;Li Hongrnei;Li Juan;Kong lingming Jiang Qian(Qingdao center for disease control and prevention, Qingdao 266033, Chin)

机构地区：[1]青岛市疾病预防控制中心、青岛市预防医学研究院,266033 [2]青岛市李沧区疾病预防控制中心 [3]山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院 [4]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒所 [5]山东省中医药大学第二附属医院

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2018年第2期102-105,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家妇女健康（生殖健康和心理健康）调查项目（FH20151101）

摘　　要：目的开展铁路女职工心理健康状况的调查研究，探讨影响职业女性心理健康的危险因素,为制定铁路行业女职工劳动保护规定提供科学参考。方法2016年1至8月在全国范围内，采用整群抽样方法，选取济南、南宁、青藏、武汉铁路系统在岗的女职工，共计5 033人作为研究对象。采用统一编制的生殖健康调查表，调查内容包括基本情况（年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、家庭收入）、工作形式（白班、夜班、轮班）和工作体位、接触职业病危害情况以及心理症状自评量表（SCL-90），计算SCL-90各因子得分和心理健康阳性率。结果研究对象的心理健康阳性率为10.6%。接触职业病危害因素组的心理健康阳性率为14.20%，非接触组的心理健康阳性率为8.02%，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。不同的年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、流产史、家庭年收入水平，心理健康阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。SCL-90各因子中，躯体化（1.54±0.62）和恐怖（1.28±0.47）得分明显高于中国成人常模，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明，接触职业病危害因素、经常上夜班、工作负荷大、经常搬运重物是心理健康问题发生的相关因素（OR=1.797，95%CI：1.393-2.318；OR=0.641，95%CI：0.498-0.827；OR=0.586，95%CI：0.439-0.783；OR=0.580，95%CI：0.378-0.890）。结论铁路行业女职工心理健康状况水平低于普通人群，职业压力明显，心理健康问题的发生与接触职业病危害因素、经常上夜班、工作负荷大、经常搬运重物有关。ObjectiveTo investigate the mental health status of railway female workers and related influencing factors,and to provide a scientific strategy for labor protection regulations in railway female workers.MethodsCluster sampling was used to select 5033 female workers from Jinan,Nanning,Qinghai-Tibet,and Wuhan railway systems in China from January to August,2016.A uniform reproductive health questionnaire,as well as the Symptom Checklist-90（SCL-90）,was used to investigate their general information（age,marital status,education level,and family income）,work type（day shift,night shift,or work on shift）,work position,and the presence or absence of exposure to occupational hazardous factors.The score on each factor of SCL-90 and the positive rate of mental health status were calculated.ResultsThe positive rate of mental health status was 10.6% in railway female workers.The workers exposed to occupational hazardous factors had a significantly higher positive rate of mental health status than those not exposed to occupational hazardous factors（14.20% vs 8.02%,P〈0.01）.There were significant differences in the positive rate of mental health status between workers with different ages,marital status,education levels,histories of abortion,or annual family income levels（P〈0.01）.The scores of somatization（1.54±0.62）and horror（1.28±0.47）in SCL-90 were significantly higher than the Chinese adult norm（P〈0.01）.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to occupational hazardous factors,night shift,overwork,and carrying heavy objects were associated with mental health problems（OR=1.797,95%CI：1.393-2.318;OR=0.641,95%CI：0.498-0.827;OR=0.586,95%CI：0.439-0.783;OR=0.580,95%CI：0.378-0.890）.ConclusionRailway female workers have lower levels of mental health than the general population and are under significant occupational stress.Exposure to occupational hazardous factors,night shift,overwork,and carrying heavy objects are associated with the development of mental he

关 键 词：铁路女职工 心理健康状况 职业影响因素 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]