轮班作业对女职工生殖健康影响的调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis on shift work female workers" and the impact on reproductive health

作　　者：于常艳[1] 俞文兰[1] 徐茗[1] 邢再玲[1] Yu Changyan;Yu Wenlan;Xu Ming;Xing Zailing.(National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050, China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2018年第2期126-129,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家妇女健康（生殖健康和心理健康）调查项目（FH20151101）

摘　　要：目的了解女职工轮班作业的行业分布，探讨轮班作业与生殖健康影响的关系，为改善女职工劳动保护提供参考。方法2016年6至9月，采用整群抽样的方法，对来自电子、医疗、制药等11个行业的女职工开展问卷调查，调查内容包括基本情况、轮班情况、生殖健康状况及生育史。结果有效问卷63 711份，有效率为96.94%；轮班作业女职工人数为13 546，占调查人数的21.26%。医疗行业轮班率较高为30.61%，其次为冶金30.81%和石油化工行业26.78%。轮班组女职工月经异常率、已婚女职工生殖系统感染率、计划妊娠女职工不孕率均明显高于非轮班组，差异有统计学意义（χ^2=19.108、10.673、21.510，P〈0.05）；与非夜班轮班组比较，夜班轮班组女职工月经异常率、已婚女职工生殖系统感染率、计划妊娠女职工不孕率均较高干非夜班轮班组，干非夜班轮班组差异有统计学意义（χ^2=140.043、71.901、29.024，均P〈0.01）。结论医疗、冶金及电子行业轮班率较高，轮班作业女职工生殖健康问题较重，轮班作业可能与女职工月经异常、生殖系统感染、不孕的发生有关。ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution of shift work of female workers in different industries and the relationship between shift work and reproductive health,then provide reference for the female workers＇ labor protection.MethodsFrom June to September 2016,cluster sampling questionnaire survey was performed among female workers from 11 industries including electronics,medicine and health,pharmacy.To investigate the general information,shift-work information,reproductive health and childbearing history of these female workers.ResultsA total of 63 711 usable questionnaires were collected,resulting in a response rate of 96.94%.A total of 13 546 workers worked in shifts,accounting for 21.26%,the highest proportion was in the medical industry 30.61%,metallurgy 30.81%,petrochemical engineerin 26.78% respectively.Compared with the workers who did not work in shifts,those who worked in shifts had significantly higher rate of abnormal menstruation,rate of reproductive system infection in married workers,the rate of infertility（χ^2=19.108、10.673、21.510,P〈0.05）;Compared with the workers who did not work in nightshifts,those who worked in nightshifts had significantly higher rate of abnormal menstruation,rate of reproductive system infection among married workers and rate of infertility（χ^2=140.043、71.901、29.024,P〈0.01）.ConclusionThe highest rate of shift work was in the medical industry,metallurgy,petrochemical engineering industry.Workers who worked in shifts have serious reproductive health issues,the occurrence of abnormal menstruation,reproductive system infection and infertility may associated with shift work.

关 键 词：女职工 生殖健康 轮班作业 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]