放牧对短花针茅荒漠草原植物种群生态位及生态属性的影响  

Effects of Continuous Grazing on Niche and Ecological Attribute of Plant Populations in Stipa breviflora Desert Steppe

作　　者：吴艳玲[1] 卫智军 运向军[3] 吕世杰[4] WU Yan-ling;WEI Zhi-jun;YUN Xiang-juna;LV Shi-jie(College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China;College of Grassland and Resource and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China;Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China;College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学大学生命科学与技术学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022 [2]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [3]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [4]内蒙古农业大学理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2018年第2期81-88,共8页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目:(NJZJ17044);国家重点基础研究计划(973计划)项目(2014CB138800);国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2016YFE0116400);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(1610332015022;1610332016009);中国农业科学院创新工程草原非生物灾害防灾减灾团队项目(CAAS-ASTIP-IGR2015-04)

摘　　要：以内蒙古高原荒漠草原植物种群为研究对象,采用自由放牧(CG)和围封(CK)两个试验处理,对植物种群生态位及生态属性进行分析,结果表明:无论在时间还是空间尺度上,建群种短花针茅、优势种无芒隐子草、碱韭的总生态位宽度均明显高于其他植物种群,其在群落中依然占主导地位。在时间尺度上,受全球气候变化影响围封区草地的退化特征明显,采用适度自由放牧可在一定程上延缓群落退化。总生态位宽度与围封区和自由放牧区生态位宽度构成直角三角形关系。自由放牧使短花针茅和无芒隐子草生态位宽度增加,而碱韭的生态位宽度下降。生态属性可反映植物种群在群落中的演变方向,基于时间尺度探讨生态响应速率有助于理解和反映植物种群在时间轴上的发展和消亡过程。Niche and ecological attributes of plant population of Inner Mongolia Plateau desert steppe under free grazing（CG）were analyzed compared with enclosure（CK）.The results showed that the total niche breadth of the dominant species Stipa breviflora,Cleistogenes songorica and Allium polyrhizum was significantly higher than those of other plant populations both in time and spatial scale,which were still dominant in the community.In the time scale,the degradation characteristics of grassland in enclosed area were obvious,and moderate continuous grazing can delay it in a certain way.The total niche breadth was in a rectangular relationship with the niche breadth of the enclosed area and the continuous grazing area.The niche breadth of Stipa breviflora and Cleistogenes songorica were increased by continuous grazing,while that of Allium polyrhizum was decreased.The ecological attributes can reflect the evolution direction of the plant population in community,and the ecological response rate based on the time scale can help to understand and reflect the development and demise process of the plant population in the time axis.

关 键 词：荒漠草原 植物种群 生态位 生态属性 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]