霾污染天气大气微生物气溶胶特性的研究进展  

Recent research progress and perspective of characteristics of ambient bioaerosols during hazy pollution in China

作　　者：李彦鹏[1,2] 刘鹏霞 谢铮胜 范春兰 路瑞[1] 李婉欣 邓顺熙[1,2] Yanpeng Li;Pengxia Liu;Zhengsheng Xie;Chunlan Fanl;Rui Lu;Wanxin Li;Shunxi Deng(School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang＇an University, Xi＇ an 710054, China;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang ＇an University, Xi＇an 710054 China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学环境科学与工程学院,西安710054 [2]长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,西安710054

出　　处：《科学通报》2018年第10期940-953,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0212206);陕西自然科学基金基础研究(2017JM5054);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(310829163406;310829172001)资助

摘　　要：自从2013年以来,中国霾事件频发,霾污染已经成为全国人民广泛关注的环境问题之一.霾污染的本质是大气细颗粒物污染.大气颗粒物的生物成分(即生物气溶胶)与其化学成分一样,不仅对空气质量和人群健康具有潜在威胁,而且对全球气候变化以及大气物理化学过程也具有间接影响.然而,目前学术界对大气颗粒物的生物成分及其性质的研究相对滞后,尤其是对霾污染天气大气颗粒物中微生物的多样性、丰度及其时空变异特性等基本科学问题认识不足.因此,本文综述了目前霾污染天气大气微生物气溶胶的研究现状,结合我们的研究着重阐述了在不同霾污染程度下生物气溶胶的浓度、粒径分布与群落结构特性,以及空气污染和环境因子对生物气溶胶分布的影响机理等方面存在的问题.最后,给出了未来霾污染过程生物气溶胶研究应主要开展的5个方面的工作展望,以期为深入理解霾天生物气溶胶的来源、变化机理以及评估不同空气质量的健康影响提供参考.Since the haze event occurred in many areas of central and eastern China in 2013, haze pollution has become one of the most important environmental issues and has attracted more and more attention from government, industry circle, scholars and the general public in China. Haze pollution is characterized by atmospheric particular matter（PM） being one of the top pollutants. A large number of studies have been conducted to investigate the chemical components of atmospheric PM during haze pollution, while little is known about the biological components and characteristics of PM in the atmosphere, especially during haze pollution. Biological particles in the atmosphere, generally defined as bioaerosols, are airborne particles or large molecules carrying living organisms or released from living organisms（e.g., bacteria, fungi, viruses, pollen, bacterial endotoxins and mycotoxins, etc.）. Bioaerosols not only pose potential risks on air quality and human health, but also have direct effects on the alteration of global climate and atmospheric physical and chemical processes. Up to now, however, the concentration and size distribution, diversity, and abundance of different types of bioaerosols as well as their temporal and spatial variability are not well characterized on hazy days. Moreover, due to the changeable community structure, flexible biological activity and comprehensive influential factors, the knowledge involving how haze pollution affects bioaerosols, to what extent it affects, and the influence mechanism is still unclear so far. Therefore, this review first has presented an overview of the state of bioaerosol research during haze pollution, including concentration level, size distribution and community structure of microorganisms in bioaerosols. Subsequently, the current understanding and open questions have been emphatically discussed concerning the characteristics of bioaerosols at different air pollution levels and effects of air pollution on airborne microbes. Finally, we suggest that the followin

关 键 词：霾污染 微生物气溶胶 浓度 粒径分布 群落结构 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]