国槐人工杂交技术研究  

Primary study on method of Sophora japonica artificial hybridization

作　　者：庞彩红[1,2] 亓文英 李双云 夏阳[1,2] 杨勇 乔玉玲[1,2] 孙超 毛秀红 臧真荣[1] 刘盛芳 PANG Caihong;QI Wenying;LI Shuangyun;XIA Yang;YANG Yong;QIAO Yuling;SUN Chao;MAO Xiuhong;ZANG Zhenrong;LIU Shengfang(Shandong Academy of Forestry, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China;Anqiu Forestry Administration, Weifang 262100, Shandong, China;Pingliang Vacational ＆ Technical College, Pingliang 744000, Gansu, China)

机构地区：[1]山东省林业科学研究院,山东济南250014 [2]山东省林木遗传改良重点实验室,山东济南250014 [3]安丘市林业局,山东潍坊262100 [4]平凉职业技术学院,甘肃平凉744000

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2018年第1期6-10,共5页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：山东省农业良种工程项目"国槐等优质抗逆林草种质创新利用研究"(鲁科农社字[2011]157号);山东省自然科学基金项目(2016CM42)

摘　　要：以聊红槐为父本,不同树龄的普通国槐为母本,研究了授粉时间、花朵着生位置、形态、发育程度以及母树树龄对国槐人工授粉率和坐果率的影响。结果表明:当脱落花朵中长雌蕊花朵所占比例超过50%时是人工授粉的适宜时期;上午和下午的授粉率没有明显差异;成功授粉的花朵是位于花枝中末端、具有长雌蕊、处于含苞待放的大花朵(长度大于14 mm。联苯胺-过氧化氢染色柱头外缘变蓝且有少量气泡产生);树龄为15~20 a的母树授粉效果明显好于树龄为30 a以上的;在此条件下,人工授粉率可达80%以上,坐果率达30%以上。该研究结果为国槐人工杂交育种提供了理论基础和技术支持。In this study,S.japonica was used as a paternal tree,and the effect of the flower shape and age of mother tree on the rate of artificial pollination and the fruit setting was investigated.The study found that it was the best period for artificial pollination when the ratio of long pistil flower was more than 50% in the flower drop.However,the rate of artificial pollination in the morning did not differ from that in the afternoon.Moreover,the budding flower with long pistil in the bottom of inflorescence was optimum for artificial pollination.The age of the mother tree has an effect on the artificial pollination,since the rate of pollination in 15-20 years old of mother tree was much higher than that of 30 years old.As the result,the rate of artificial pollination and fruit setting reached over 80% and 30% respectively under the above optimum conditions.This research provides theoretical foundation and technical support for artificial pollination of S.japonica.

关 键 词：国槐 人工授粉 授粉率 坐果率 

分 类 号：S792.26[农业科学—林木遗传育种]