世界体坛格局变化与中国竞技体育实力研究  

The Changes in the Global Sports Landscape and the Research on the Strength of Competitive Sports in China

作　　者：郭洪亮[1] 王小平[1] 王海霞[1] 周迎春[1] 陆国田 GUO Hong-liang;WANG Xiao-ping;WANG Hai- xia;ZHOU Ying-chun;LU Guo-tian(Sports Science Institute of Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, China;Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学体育科学学院,福建福州350108 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《南京体育学院学报（自然科学版）》2017年第6期110-115,共6页Joournal of Nanjing Institute of Physical Education:Natural Science

基　　金：国家体育总局奥运科研攻关课题(编号:10A0742013A074)

摘　　要：运用文献资料、数理统计、比较分析等方法对北京奥运会、伦敦奥运会、里约奥运会奖牌排行榜分布情况进行对比分析研究。结果表明:近三届奥运会世界体坛格局变化较为明显,美国依旧强势,霸主地位难以撼动,英国金牌榜排名实现对中国的反超,位居第二位,中国竞技体育整体实力明显下滑,形成了以"美、英、中"为第一集团的新三足鼎立格局。洲际金牌分布具有明显的地域特征,两极分化态势显著。中国竞技体育项目分布呈现传统优势项目领地缩减、潜优势项目实现突破、基础项目个别提高的特征;男女运动员竞技实力之间的差距进一步缩小,中国竞技体育由"阴盛阳衰"向"龙凤呈祥"渐进式过渡;年龄结构以新为主,老将为辅,结构合理、层次分明,年轻运动员实力雄厚,逐渐成长为中国竞技体育的领航者。This paper makes a comparative analysis of the distribution of MEDALS in the Beijing Olympic Games,the London Olympic Games and the Rio Olympic Games by means of literature,mathematical statistics and comparative analysis.Results show that the nearly three Olympic Games pattern change evident in the world of sports,the United States remains strong,dominance is difficult to shake,Britain＇s gold medal rankings to come back in China in the second place,China＇s overall strength significantly decline in competitive sports,formed in" in the United States,Britain,"as the first group of new pattern of tripartite confrontation.The distribution of continental gold medal has obvious geographical features and the polarization situation is remarkable.The distribution of competitive sports in China presents the characteristics of the traditional advantageous project territory,the breakthrough of the latent advantage project and the individual improvement of the basic project.The gap between male and female athletes has narrowed further,and China＇s competitive sports have been gradually overdone by" Yin sheng Yang"and" dragon and phoenix".The age structure is mainly new,the old will be auxiliary,the structure is reasonable,the level is clear,the young athlete is strong,gradually grows into the Chinese athletics the navigator.

关 键 词：奥运会 竞技体育 中国 优势项目 潜优势项目 

分 类 号：G832[文化科学—体育训练]