《商务馆学汉语词典》辨析栏的选词情况考察  

A study of the word-discrimination columns of The Commercial Press Learner's Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese

作　　者：何姗[1] 朱瑞平[1] HE Shan;ZHU Rui-ping(College of Chinese Language ＆ Culture, Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875, China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学汉语文化学院,北京100875

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（对外汉语教学与研究版）》2018年第2期48-55,共8页Journal of Yunnan Normal University(Teaching & Studying Chinese as a Foreign Language Edition)

摘　　要：文章对《商务馆学汉语词典》辨析栏的选词情况进行了多维度的考察,参考《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》对被辨析词难度进行了统计,利用北京语言大学HSK动态作文语料库对该栏目中被辨析词的易混淆程度和被辨析词对/列的完整性等问题进行了定量分析。结果显示:一些辨析栏的辨析对象在典型性和完整性上存在不足,部分被辨析词对/组的易混淆程度(混用率)不高;建议对发生在两个以上词语之间的混淆和误用情况全面梳理,确保辨析的全面性。总体来说,辨析栏的编纂还没有完全走出汉语本体近义词辨析的模式,在选取辨析对象时缺乏客观标准,应该从汉语学习者词语混淆误用的实际情况出发,充分运用语料库资源和技术,加强对非近义的易混淆词的观察和描写,使辨析更具客观性和有效性。167 word-discrimination columns（337 headwords）in The Com mercial Press Learner＇s Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese are investigated in this study.Firstly,the Syllabus of Graded Words and Characters for Chinese Proficiencyis used as the criterion and almost all those differentiated words are at level 1 or 2,which fits the dictionary user＇s proficiency quite well.Secondly,by using the HSK dynamic composition corpus of BLCU,the problems of how to select the words in the column and how to arrange them into groups are discussed.As showed in the result,the typicality of some differentiated words is insufficient;some pairs/groups of the differentiated words are not complete so that the effectiveness of this differentiating is limited.The confusion index based on a large scale corpus is proposed to be used as the reference data in selecting and differentiating words for preventing the misuse of confusing words.

关 键 词：商务馆学汉语词典 辨析栏 被辨析词 

分 类 号：H06[语言文字—语言学]