机构地区:[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心北京市预防医学研究中心免疫预防所,100013
出 处:《国际病毒学杂志》2018年第2期104-108,共5页International Journal of Virology
摘 要:目的分析2011-2016年北京市麻疹流行病学特征,探寻麻疹防控重点。方法2011-2016年北京市麻疹病例报告资料来自北京市全部医疗机构报告,共报告麻疹病例5715例。采用描述性流行病学方法分析麻疹发病水平、地区分布、时间分布、人群分布特征,采用x。检验分析本市户籍人口和外省户籍人口发病情况差异。结果2011—2016年北京市年均发病率为4.50/10万,其中2012年最低(0.39/10万,80例),2014年最高(11.08/10万,2385例)。每年发病主要集中在3—5月份,占总病例数的66.02%(3373/5715)。除2012年以外,每年均为近郊区发病率最高,发病率在0.52/10万-12.61/10万之间(33~864例)。外省户籍人口发病率(0.75/10万-16.59/10万,76—1332例)高于本市户籍人口(0.17/10万~8.03/10万,22。1053例),但发病率比逐年缩小,从2011年的6.35(1.08/0.17)下降到2016年的1.59(7.60/4.78)。病例发病年龄呈双峰态,分别为1岁以下儿童(14.28/10万.297.02/10万,17~486例)和20~39岁成年人,成年人组峰值2011-2013年在20—29岁组(0.39/10万.3.29/10万,20~175例),2014—2016年在30-39岁组(8.14/10万~15.95/10万,300~578例)。8月龄一6岁病例无疫苗免疫史的构成比为59.36似501/844),本市户籍病例构成比为52.74似183/347),外省户籍病例构成比为63.98以318/497)。职业分布中散居儿童比例从2011年的35.71%(35/98)降低到2016年的9.93%(125/1259),干部职员从2011年的5.10%(5/98)增加到2016年的28.28%(356/1259),餐饮、商业、家政服务人员从2011年的26.53%(26/98)增加到2016年的33.84%(426/1259)。报告麻疹暴发疫情171起,疫情数量从2011年的2起增加到2016年的55起。结论2011—2016年,北京市麻疹发病水平总体呈上�Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Beijing during the period of 2011-2016 and to explore the focal point of measles prevention and control. Methods A total of 5 715 measles cases reported by hospitals in Beijing from 2011 to 2016 were selected. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on measles incidence, regional distribution, time distribution and population characteristics. Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between resident population and immigrant population. Results The average annual incidence was 4.50/100 000 from 2011 to 2016 in Beijing, with the lowest incidence in 2012 (0.39/100 000, 80 cases) and the highest incidence in 2014 (11.08/100 000, 2 385 cases). The incidence peak was during March to May of a year, and the proportion was 66.02% (3 373/5 715). The incidence in the suburban area (0.52/100 000-12.61/100 000, 33-864 cases) were always the highest, except for 2012. The incidence of immigrant population (0.75/100 000-16.59/100 000, 76-1 332 cases) was higher than that of resident population (0.17/100 000-8.03/100 000, 22-1 053 cases), but incidence ratio decreased from 6.35 (1.08/0.17) in 2011 to 1.59 (7.60/4.78) in 2016. The measles cases were mainly children of 〈1 years old (14.28/100 000-297.02/100 000, 17-486 cases) and adults aged in 20-39 years old. The peak value were in 2011-2013 in age group of 20-29 years old (0.39/100 000-3.29/100 000, 20-175 cases) and in 2014-2016 in age group of 30-39 years old (8.14/100 000-15.95/100 000, 300-578 cases). The proportion without vaccination was 59.36% (501/844) of 8 months old to 6 years old and was 63.98% (318/497) in immigrant population which was higher than 52.74% (183/347) in resident population. The proportion of scattered children decreased from 5.71% (35/98) in 2011 to 9.93% (125/1 259) in 2016, and office workers increased from 5.10% (5/98) to 28.28% (356/1 259) as well as catering, commercial and housekeepi
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