2012-2016年北京市昌平区水痘病例流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Changping district of Beijing, 2012-2016

作　　者：王秀云[1] 朱宗龙[1] 王涛[1] 王海红[1] 王靓洁[1] Wang Xiuyun;Zhu Zonglong;Wang Tao;Wang Haihong;Wang Liangjie(The Office of Changping District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102200, China)

机构地区：[1]北京市昌平区疾病预防控制中心办公室,102200

出　　处：《国际病毒学杂志》2018年第2期113-117,共5页International Journal of Virology

摘　　要：目的分析北京市昌平区2012-2016年水痘病例的流行病学特征。方法2012-2016年北京市昌平区水痘病例资料来源于中国疾病预防控制系统及北京市免疫规划信息管理系统，共计4430例；水痘疫苗接种资料来源于昌平区各接种门诊的水痘疑似病例流行病学个案调查表和北京市免疫规划信息管理系统；人口资料来源于昌平区统计局。采用描述性流行病学方法对水痘病例发病情况及其分布特征进行分析。结果2012-2016年北京市昌平区共报告水痘病例4430例，年均发病率为49．20／10万；2012年发病率最高，为92．29／10万（1571例）；2015年发病率最低，为32．64／10万（592例），各年份之间发病率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=940．62，P〈0.01）。每年4-16月和10月一次年1月发病较多，分别占总病例数的30．81％（1365／4430）和41．56％（1841／4430）。5-9岁组发病率最高（474．83／10万，1177例），其次为10—14岁组（336．17／10万，586例），随年龄增长发病率呈下降趋势（χ^2趋势=15105．11，P〈0．01）。职业分布以托幼儿童、大学生和小学生为主，占病例数的66．16％（2931／4430）。水痘病例中疫苗突破病例有1543例，占总病例数的34．83％；接种1剂次疫苗者水痘发病率为1732．94／10万（1466例），明显高于接种2剂次疫苗者的发病率（120．74／10万），差异有统计学意义（χ^2=918．22，P〈0．01）。结论儿童与学生为水痘的高发人群，应加强托幼机构及学校水痘疫情的监测。加强水痘疫苗保护性研究，将1剂次免疫人群纳入水痘疫情发生后的应急接种范围。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of varicella epidemic in Changping district in recent years. Methods Varicella cases and their general information were collected from the case records （4 430） in Changping district during 2012-2016 in the China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention and in the Information Management System for Immunization Program of Beijing. Population vaccination data against varicella were derived from the case investigation questionnaires on suspected chickenpox cases in all vaccination clinics of Changping district and the Information Management System for Immunization Programm of Beijing. Demographic data were obtained from the Statistics Bureau of Changping district. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence and distribution characteristics of these varicella cases. Results During 2012- 2016, 4 430 varicella cases were reported in Changping district, with an average annual incidence of 49.20/100 000. During the study period, the highest incidence （92.29/100 000, 1 571 cases） was in 2012; the lowest incidence was in 2015 （32.64/100 000, 592 cases）. The difference of incidences between years were statistically significantly （χ^2=940.62, P〈0.01）. For each year, more cases occurred in the spring and winter： from April to June （1 365 cases） and from October to next January （1 841 cases）, accounting for 30.81% and 41.56% of all cases, respectively. As for age distribution, the 5-9 year group had the highest incidence （474.83/100 000, 1 177 cases）, followed by the 10-14 year group （336.17/100 000, 586 cases）; a trend that incidence decreased by age was evident （χ^2 trend = 15 105.11, P〈0.01）. The most impacted groups were kindergarten kids, primary school students and university students, which accounted for 66.16% （2 931/4 430） of total cases. In this study, 1 543 vaccine breakthrough cases were identified, which standed for 34.83% of all cases. Additionally, the incidence of p

关 键 词：水痘 发病率 人口统计学 横断面研究 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R511.5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]