Y—STR家系排查法在侦查中应用的思考  

The Application of Y-STR Family Investigation in Case Investigation

作　　者：裴煜[1] PEI Yu(Hubei Police college, Wuhan, Hubei, 43003)

机构地区：[1]湖北警官学院,湖北武汉430034

出　　处：《湖南警察学院学报》2018年第1期22-30,共9页Journal of Hunan Police Academy

基　　金：2014年度湖北高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T2014021);2017年度湖北警官学院院级项目

摘　　要：Y—STR家系排查法广泛应用于现场上遗留有男性作案人生物物证的杀人、强奸、抢劫等类型案件侦破。Y染色体特殊自身结构、独特的遗传特性和Y—STR不同基因分型是Y—STR家系排查法在侦查中应用的理论基础。获取男性作案人的Y—STR分型、相对明确的作案人家系排查范围、完整清晰的作案人家系树状图谱结构和成熟的Y—STR检测技术是Y—STR家系排查法应用的条件。通过现场勘查广泛收集作案人作案遗留的各种生物物证、进行DNA分析获取作案人Y染色体的STR分型、在准确划定排查家系地域范围基础上依各家族分布全面收集检测样本、横向筛查比对确定作案人家系和纵向筛查精准查找出作案人是Y—STR家系排查法的应用方法。Y—STR家系排查法在侦查中应用时应注意强制采集血样缺少刑事法律上依据、Y—STR存在突变情形、进一步提升Y—STR检测系统识别率和大力加强我国Y—STR数据库建设等问题。The Y-STR Family Investigation method is widely applied to the investigation of homicide,rape,robbery and other types of cases in which male perpetrators are left with biological evidence.The special structure of Y chromosome,unique genetic characteristics and Y-STR different genotype are the theoretical basis for the application of Y-STR Family Investigation method in case investigation.To obtain the male perpetrator＇s Y-STR type,the relatively clear scope of the investigated criminal family,the completely clear criminal family tree chart and the mature Y-STR investigation technique is the condition in which the Y-STR family investigation method applied.Through crime scene investigation,extensively collecting of various biological evidences,obtaining the Y-STR typing of the perpetrator＇s Y chromosome by DNA analysis,and testing samples in accordance with the family distribution based on the accurate delineation of geographical scope,along with the transverse comparison screening to determining the criminal family and finding out the accurate perpetrator through longitudinal screening are the application methods.In the application of STR family system in case investigation,mandatory collecting blood samples in lacking of criminal law basis,existence of Y-STR mutation,further enhancing the recognition rate of Y-STR investigation system and strengthening the buildup of Y-STR database in China are the major issues for consideration.

关 键 词：家系排查法 生物物证 基因分型 染色体 应用 

分 类 号：D918[政治法律—法学]