农业供给侧结构性改革的根本任务及其路径  

The Fundamental Tasks and Paths of Agricultural Supply-Side Structural Reform

作　　者：张良悦 Zhang Liangyue

机构地区：[1]安阳师范学院商学院 [2]河南师范大学精准扶贫与区域发展研究院

出　　处：《区域经济评论》2018年第2期112-122,共11页Regional Economic Review

基　　金：河南省高等学校哲学社会科学研究优秀学者项目"现代农业经营体系中家庭农场的培育与生成"(2015-YXXZ-12);河南省高等学校重点科研项目"现代农业一二三产业融合发展研究"(18A790001)

摘　　要：农业供给侧结构性改革是农业发展的结构性转换。农业生产在经济发展的不同阶段具有明显的特征,突出地表现为"粮食问题"和"农业问题"。进入中等收入阶段之后,我国农业发展的许多问题表现出显著的"农业问题"特征,即粮食供给、食品安全、产业优势、农民收入及可持续发展等都成为不可忽视的内容。这一发展背景决定了农业供给侧结构性改革的根本任务,是构建与经济发展阶段相适应的新型经营主体和产业体系,形成农业发展的新动能与新业态。新型经营主体是以市场为导向、以农业收入为主要来源的职业经营者,包括家庭农场、农民合作组织、涉农企业三类。家庭农场是新型经营主体的基础与引领,产业化是新型农业经营体系的核心与标志,新型职业农民是农业现代化的主体支撑与关键环节。因此,构建新型农业经营体系的逻辑起点必然是家庭农场的发展,并决定了农业供给侧结构性改革的路径是,通过制度创新对农业生产要素重新配置,促使家庭农场内生发展。通过对人地资源相对紧张的欧洲国家家庭农场进行土地整治的具体分析可得出,中国的农业供给侧结构性改革也可实施土地整治与劳动力迁移的操作路径。It is a structural transformation of agricultural development for agricultural supply-side structural reform.Agriculture has obvious characteristics at different stages of economic development,which is highlighted as "food problem" and "agricultural problem".After entering the middle-income stage,many problems in China＇s agricultural development have shown obvious characteristics of "agricultural problems",that there are more problems such as grain supply,food safety,industrial advantages,farmers＇ income and sustainable development which can＇t be ignored.This development background determines that the fundamental task of the agricultural supply-side structural reform is to build a new type of operation subject and industrial system which adapts to the stage of economic development and form a new growth driver and new form of agricultural development.The new subject is market-oriented,with agricultural income as the main source of professional operators,including family farms,farmers＇ cooperative organizations,and agricultural enterprises.This paper analyzes that the family farm is the foundation and leading of the new management subject,the industrialization is the core and the symbol of the new agricultural operation system,the new type professional farmer is the main support and key link of the agricultural modernization.Therefore,the logic start of building a new agricultural management system is the development of family farms.This determines the path of agricultural supply-side structural reform is to reallocate agricultural resources through the institutional innovation so as to promote the endogenous development of family farms.Based on the concrete analysis of land development in European countries,this paper argues that agricultural supply-side structural reform in China can also implement the practice of land remediation and labor migration.

关 键 词：农业供给侧结构性改革 农业产业化 土地整治 

分 类 号：F321[经济管理—产业经济]