在民族感情和世界主义之间——论爱因斯坦的犹太观  

Between National Sentiments and Cosmopolitanism:On Einstein's View of the Jewish People

作　　者：张腾欢 

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院,博士研究生济南250100

出　　处：《世界民族》2018年第2期1-11,共11页Journal of World Peoples Studies

摘　　要：爱因斯坦的犹太观建立在他的世界主义和对犹太民族的深厚感情上,他提倡国家和民族团结合作,尊重和保护弱小民族利益,反对狭隘的民族主义和国家主义,终生为犹太民族权益而抗争。爱因斯坦高度评价犹太教和犹太民族传统中的精神理念,强烈反对反犹主义,呼吁犹太民族团结,并与纳粹迫害犹太人的行径作坚决的斗争。他赞同并积极参与犹太复国主义运动,呼吁犹太和阿拉伯民族的和解。在民族感情和世界主义之间,爱因斯坦保持了足够的张力,在以色列建国和战后对德态度等问题上,既表现出维护民族权益的炽热愿望,又着眼于地区和世界的和平发展。爱因斯坦的犹太观显示出他和平宽容的社会政治理念和无私崇高的品行人格。Based on cosmopolitanism and his profound feeling for the Jewish people, Einstein＇ s view of Jews included advocacy of cooperation among different states and nations, respect for and protection of weak minorities, and opposition to extreme ethnocentrism and nationalism. Furthermore, Einstein highly appreciated the spiritual ideals of Judaism and Jewish traditions, opposed Anti-Semitism, called for Jewish national unity, and fought a determined battle against the Nazi persecution of Jews. He agreed with the Zionism movements and took an active part in it. At the same time, He appealed to the reconciliation of Jews and the Arabs. Einstein strived for a balance between national sentiments and cosmopolitanism, which is illustrated by his strong desires to preserve national rights, as well as his goal to achieve regional and worldwide peace and development. Einstein＇ s view of Jews shows his view of social political tolerance and his noble personality.

关 键 词：爱因斯坦 犹太教 反犹主义 犹太复国主义 大屠杀 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]