基于最优线性滤波的PMU测量Ⅰ:最优滤波原理  

PMU Measurement Based on Optimal Filtering Ⅰ:Fundamental Theory

作　　者：汪芙平[1] 黄松岭[1] 赵伟[1] 王赞基[1] WANG Fuping;HUANG Songling;ZHAO Wei;WANG Zanji(State Key Laboratory of Power System and Generation Equipment （Tsinghua University）, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China)

机构地区：[1]电力系统及发电设备控制和仿真国家重点实验室(清华大学)

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2018年第8期2262-2271,共10页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51677093);国家重大科学仪器开发专项资助项目(2013YQ140505)~~

摘　　要：随着同步相量测量单元（phasor measurement unit,PMU）测量标准的不断更新和PMU在配电网的应用,更为恶劣的测量环境和更高的准确度要求,使得PMU测量算法面临巨大挑战。最优化方法能够兼顾基波频偏与动态变化、谐波、噪声、直流和带外干扰等因素造成的测量误差,实现测量的高准确度与快速响应的最佳平衡,是复杂条件下PMU测量算法设计极为有效的实现途径。本系列共3篇论文,针对目前应用最广泛的本质为线性滤波的测量机制,建立滤波器频响特性与测量误差之间定量关系,提出最优设计准则,并分别针对P类和M类测量,实现PMU测量算法的最优设计。该文目标是建立最优设计的基本理论。首先通过理论推导,给出基波频偏、谐波、噪声、直流干扰、带外干扰和基波动态等因素下,同步相量、频率和频率变化率引起的测量误差（即总向量误差、频率误差和频率变化率测量误差）与滤波器频响特性之间的定量关系;在此基础上,定义与滤波器频响特性有关的一系列技术指标,由此提出最优滤波器设计准则;最后,通过动态同步相量测量算法和基于泰勒相量模型的加权最小二乘两种典型算法的仿真实验,验证理论分析结果的正确性。With the revision of IEEE standards for phasor measurement unit（PMU） and PMU being further equipped in in distribution level, the measurement algorithms are facing huge challenges due to higher precision requirement and even worse signal condition. Optimization can provide best solution for PMU measurement under severe conditions because it is capable of taking into account the errors caused by various factors（e.g. frequency deviation, fundamental dynamics, harmonics, noise, et al）, achieving balance between high precision and fast response. In this three-part paper, we focus on linear estimators, which are essentially linear filters and widely used in current PMUs, and our goal is to build optimal filter design criteria, and propose practical methods to design optimal algorithms for P and M class measurement respectively. In the first part, we aim to build the theoretical foundations for optimization. First, the quantitative relations between filter frequency responses and PMU measurement errors, i.e. total vector error（TVE）, frequency error（FE） and rate of change of frequency error（RFE）, caused by frequency deviation, fundamental dynamics, harmonics and wideband noise, direct current and out-of-band interference were derived. Second, by defining a group of specifications characterizing the filter frequency responses, the optimization criteria for optimal filter design was built. At last, the accuracy of the theoretically derived quantitative relations was confirmed by simulations with DPEA and TWLS algorithms.

关 键 词：最优滤波器设计 相量测量单元 频率测量 频率变化率测量 

分 类 号：TM76[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]