病毒对海洋细菌代谢的影响及其生物地球化学效应  

Influence of Virus upon the Marine Bacterial Metabolism and Its Biogeochemical Effects

作　　者：卢龙飞 张锐[1] 徐杰[2] 焦念志[1] Lu Longfei;Zhang Rui;Xu Jie;Jiao Nianzhi(Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean ＆ Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室,海洋微型生物与地球圈层研究所,福建厦门361102 [2]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广东广州510301

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2018年第3期225-235,共11页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目“海洋病毒生态学”(编号：41522603);国家自然科学基金面上项目“溶源性噬菌体对海洋细菌生理生态特性的影响”(编号：31570172)资助.

摘　　要：病毒是海洋生态系统中丰度最高的生命形式,其中超过90%属于浮游细菌(细菌和古菌)病毒,是海洋生态系统的重要参与者和海洋生物地球化学循环的重要驱动力。作为海洋浮游细菌主要的致死因子之一,病毒通过裂解宿主释放出大量的有机物和营养盐,调控宿主群落的代谢行为,进而影响生物地球化学循环。同时,伴随侵染的发生,病毒挟持宿主细胞的代谢系统完成自身的生命周期,从而改变宿主胞内的代谢途径和代谢产物。概述了病毒在个体层面和群落层面对海洋浮游细菌代谢的影响,及其对海洋元素循环的作用,评估了气候变化、环境因子对病毒调控细菌代谢的潜在影响,有助于人们对微生物参与的海洋生物地球化学循环的全面认识。Viruses are by far the most abundant entities in marine environments, and are mainly phages that infect bacteria and arehaea, which also are a significant component of marine ecosystem and a major force behind marine biogeochemical cycles. As a major source of mortality, viral lysis can release highly labile cellular compo- nents, both organic matters and inorganic nutrients, regulating the metabolism of its hosts and influencing the bio- geochemical cycles. During infection, viruses could hijack the metabolic system of hosts for its own propagation, thereby changing the metabolism and metabolites of host cells. This paper summarized the effects of viruses on the metabolism of marine bacterioplankton at both the cellular and community level, and its influence on the cycling of ocean elements. Then, the potential impact of environmental factors was assessed on the influence of viruses upon bacterial metabolism. This paper will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the role of microbes within ma- rine biogeochemical cycles.

关 键 词：海洋病毒 海洋细菌 代谢 病毒-宿主相互作用 

分 类 号：P593[天文地球—地球化学]