干旱区典型城市云对太阳辐射的影响  

Effects of Clouds on Solar Radiation over Typical City in Arid Area

作　　者：陈春美 钟珂[1] 陈勇航[1,2] 秦榕[3] 辛渝[2] 陈彬[4] 刘琼[1] 周黛怡 CHEN Chun-mei;ZHONG Ke;CHEN Yong-hang;QIN Rong;XIN Yu;CHEN Bin;LIU Qiong;ZHOU Dai-yi(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620, China;Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urttmqi 830002 ,Xinfiang , China;Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory, Urumqi 830002 ,Xinjiang , China;Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences ,Beijing 100029, China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620 [2]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]新疆气象局,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [4]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2018年第2期436-443,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41375021,91644211,41675026,41590871)

摘　　要：太阳辐射变化对气候和环境至关重要,而云可以对太阳辐射造成显著影响。为研究干旱区典型城市云对太阳辐射的影响,以乌鲁木齐为例,采用NASA地球观测系统（EOS）＂云与地球辐射能量系统（CERES）＂的SSF数据集的云和辐射资料,分析了该地区2006年1月至2015年12月云物理属性、云辐射强迫的年变化特征。结果表明：云对大气层顶和地面的短波辐射强迫均为负值,分别为-253.7 W·m-2和-249.0 W·m-2,产生冷却效应,且大气层顶冷却效果更显著,时间变化波动较小;10 a均呈现降低趋势;年内变化接近对称单峰分布,峰值出现于7月,分别为-391.3 W·m-2和-355.0 W·m-2。季节分布为夏季大,冬季小,春秋季居中,且春季略大于秋季。该地区各云物理属性参量的年变化特点与云短波辐射强迫具有不同程度的相似性。The ecological environment in arid and semiarid areas is very fragile and sensitive to climate change.The change of solar radiation is very important to climate and ecological environment. The effects of clouds on solar radiation are significant. In this study,the effects of clouds on solar radiation over Urumqi,a typical semiarid city,were studied so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the accuracy of predicting climate change in the region using the data with high temporal and spatial resolution and the long-term series of Single Scanner Footprint TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds（ SSF） dataset,CERSSFAqua-FM3-MODISEdition3 A dataset from the Earth’s Radiant Energy System（ CERES） of NASA’s EOS（ The NASA Earth Observing System）. Another purpose of this study was to examine the annual and inter-annual variations of solar radiation,cloud physical properties and cloud shortwave radiative forcing over Urumqi during the period from January 2006 to December 2015. The results showed that the annual distribution curves of net surface shortwave radiation flux and the shortwave radiation flux at the top of atmosphere on clear day were unimodal. The peak values,187. 5 W·m-2 and 792. 3 W·m-2,occurred in June and May respectively. The cloud radiative forcing at both the top of atmosphere and on the surface were negative,i.e.-253. 7 W·m-2 and-249. 0 W·m-2 respectively. The annual distribution of cloud shortwave radiative forcing kept a downward trend. The inter-annual average values of cloud shortwave radiative forcing for 10 years were close to a symmetrical unimodal distribution. The peaks values,-391. 3 W·m-2 and-355. 0 W·m-2,occurred in July. Seasonally,the values were the highest in summer but the lowest in winter,and they were slightly higher in spring than in autumn. There was a similarity in annual variation of cloud physical parameters and cloud shortwave radiative forcing. The total cloud cover in winter was low,and its maximum value occurred in June. Cloud optical depth peak values,22 an

关 键 词：CERES(SSF) 云短波辐射强迫 云物理属性 时间变化 乌鲁木齐 

分 类 号：P422.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]