脲酶/硝化抑制剂缓释肥对番茄养分吸收和土壤肥力的影响  

Effect of Special Slow Release Fertilizer Containing Urease/Nitrification Inhibitor on Nutrient Uptake of Tomato and Soil Fertility

作　　者：姚云柯 徐卫红[1] 周豪 王卫中[1] 李舒婷 王崇力[1] 陈序根 赵婉伊[1] YAO Yun- ke;XU Wei-hong;ZHOU Hao;WANG Wei- zhong;LI Shu- ting;WANG Chong- l i;CHEN Xu- gen;ZHAO Wan-yi(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715 , China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第4期748-753,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(Nycytx-25);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD87B10)

摘　　要：【目的】为解决传统化肥在肥料利用方面的不足和对果实产量、环境方面的影响,本试验以新型缓释肥料为主题进行研究。【方法】采用土培试验研究了含有脲酶硝化抑制剂的自制番茄专用缓释肥(special slow-release fertilizer for tomato,TSRF1和TSRF2)和普通复合肥(ordinary compound fertilizer,OCF)、商品缓释肥(commercial slow-release fertilizer,MSRF)、自制番茄专用肥(special compound fertilizer for tomato,TCF)对番茄生物量、氮磷钾养分吸收利用、土壤养分含量以及土壤酶活性的影响。【结果】在氮施用量相同的条件下,自制番茄专用缓释肥TSRF1和TSRF2处理较OCF、MSRF、TCF处理分别增加番茄果实干重1.94%、23.24%、26.01%和7.32%、29.75%、32.67%。自制番茄专用缓释肥(TSRF1和TSRF2)处理的N吸收量分别较MSRF、TCF和OCF处理提高了12.57%、36.39、49.75%和24.38%、50.71%、65.47%;与OCF相比,自制专用缓释肥、商品缓释肥、自制专用肥均提高了NPK养分利用率,N、K的利用效率以TSRF2处理最大(14.94%和21.95%),P相对利用率以TSRF1处理最大(20.53%)。土壤有机质含量以TSRF1>TSRF2>TCF>MSRF>OCF,且TSRF1和TSRF2的土壤磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性也为各处理最高。【结论】自制的脲酶/硝化抑制剂专用缓释肥(TSRF1和TSRF2)提高了土壤中有机质和酶活性,使养分缓慢释放,从而促进番茄对N、P、K的吸收利用,利于番茄果实产量的提高。【 Objective】 In order to solve the shortcomings of traditional fertilizers in fertilizer utilization and the effects on fruit yield and envi-ronment, the new slow release fertilizer was used as the theme.【 Method】 Pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of special slow release fertilizer for tomato containing urease and nitrification inhibitors （TSRF1 and TSRF2） , common compound fertilizer （OCF） , slow- release commercial slow-release fertilizer （MSRF） and special compound fertilizer （TCF） on the biomass, the absorption and utilization of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium nutrients of tomato, nutrient content and enzyme activity in soil.【 Result】 The fruit dry weights of special slow release fertilizer （TSRF1 and TSRF2） increased by 1.94 % , 23.24 % , 26.01 % and 7. 32 % , 29. 75 % , 32. 67 % compared to OCF, MSRF and TCF treatments under the condition of same amount of nitrogen. Nitrogen uptake of TSRF1 and TSRF2 treatments increased by 12.57 % , 36.39, 49.75 % and 24. 38 % , 50.71 % , 65.47 % compared to MSRF,TCF and OCF treatments. Compared to OCF, the utilization of NPK nutrient increased by TSRF, MSRF and TCF, the highest utilization rate of N and K nutrients were found in TSRF2 treat-ment by 14. 94 % and 21.95 % , and the highest utilization rate of P nutrient was observed in TSRF1 by 20. 53 % . The content of soil or-ganic matter was in order of TSRF1 〉 TSRF2 〉 TCF 〉 MSRF 〉 OCF, and the highest activities of phosphatase, invertase and catalase in soil were found in TSRF1/2 treatments.【 Conclusion】The special slow release fertilizer for tomato containing urease and nitrification inhibitors （ TSRF1 and TSRF2 ） enhanced the soil organic matter and enzymes activity, and soil nutrient slowly released, which could increase the absorption and utilization of N, P , K nutrients of tomato, thus the yield of tomato increased.

关 键 词：番茄 专用缓释肥 NPK养分吸收 养分相对利用率 土壤酶活性 土壤有机质 

分 类 号：S145.6[农业科学—肥料学]