设施硫基型盐渍化土壤修复技术研究  

Remediation Technology for Salinization of Sulfate-type Facility Soil

作　　者：吴星[1] 赵虎[1] 苏天明[2] 王萌[1] 赵曾菁 李琴[2] 宋奇琦 龚明霞[1] 何志[1] 王日升[1] WU Xing;ZHAO Hu;SU Tian-ming;WANG Meng;ZHAO Zeng-jing;LI Qin;SONG Qi-qi;GONG Ming-xia;HE Zhi;WANG Ri-sheng(Vegetable Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Nanning 530007, China;Agricultural Resource and Environmental Research Institute, Guangxi Nanning 530007, China;College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Guangxi Nanning 530004, China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院蔬菜研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广西南宁530007 [3]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第4期808-816,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西科技重大专项项目(桂科AA17204041);广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科AD17129042;桂科AB16380065);南宁市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(20162327);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2017JM48);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项项目(2015YT68)

摘　　要：【目的】研究泡水洗盐和轮作吸盐对设施盐渍土的修复效果,为广西设施土壤盐渍化修复提供参考。【方法】以设施硫基型轻度盐渍土为对象,采用免耕泡水、翻耕泡水洗盐和轮作吸盐处理盐渍土,测定土壤可溶性盐、SO_4^(2-)、养分、理化性状及微生物数量,分析洗盐和吸盐处理对上述指标的影响。【结果】免耕泡水5 d处理的土壤可溶性盐和SO_4^(2-)含量显著降低,养分下降率总和最低。轮作芝麻处理的土壤可溶性盐、SO_4^(2-)、总养分、总交换性阳离子含量均降低最多,且显著高于其他处理;土壤总孔隙度、微生物总数增加最多,且显著高于其他处理。"免耕泡水5 d+轮作芝麻"处理轻度设施盐渍土,可溶性盐含量降低60.00%以上,辣椒、苦瓜产量显著提高。【结论】免耕泡水5 d处理的洗盐率高、土壤养分下降率低、省时省工,是最优的洗盐处理;芝麻吸收盐分和养分能力强,改善土壤理化性状及微生态环境效果好,是修复设施硫基型盐渍土理想的植物。"免耕泡水5 d+轮作芝麻"组合修复轻度设施盐渍土效果好。【Objective】To provide a reference for remediating facility soil salinization in Guangxi,remediation effects of salt leaching and salt absorbing by rotation on facility saline soil were studied.【Method】With slight sulfate-type facility saline soil as research object which were treated with salt leaching by soaking in water with no tillage,tillage and salt absorbing by rotation,the content of soluble salt,SO4^2-,nutrients,physicochemical characters and microbial quantities of saline soil were determined,and the effects of salt leaching and salt absorbing by rotation on the indexes above were analyzed.【Result】The content of soluble salt and SO4^2- decreased significantly,the drop rate of total nutrient content was the lowest in the treatment of soaking in water with no tillage for 5 days.In the treatment of rotation sesame,the content of soluble salt,SO4^2-,total nutrients and total exchangeable cations in soil decreased the most,and significantly higher than that of other treatments,but the total soil porosity and number of microorganisms increased the most,and significantly higher than that of other treatments.After treatment with soaking in water with no tillage for 5 days and rotation sesame,the soluble salt content in slight facility saline soil decreased above 60.00 %,and the yield of bitter gourd and pepper were increased significantly.【Conclusion】The best treatment was soaking in water with no tillage for 5 days because of the high salt leaching rate,low decrease rate of soil nutrients,time-saving and labor-saving.Sesame not only had strong ability to absorb salt and nutrients,but also improved soil physicochemical characters and micro ecological environment.So it was an ideal rotation plant for remediating sulfate-type facility saline soil.And the combination treatment of soaking in water with no tillage for 5 days and rotation sesame were effective for remediating slight facility saline soil.

关 键 词：设施土壤 盐渍化 硫基型 免耕泡水洗盐 轮作吸盐 

分 类 号：S343.4[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S156.4[农业科学—农艺学]