山区坡地马铃薯不同起垄方式对土壤水分蓄积和产量的效果  

Effects of Different Ridging Modes on Soil Water Accumulation and Potato Yield in Sloping Field of Mountain Region

作　　者：孙小娟 SUN Xiaojuan(Tianzhu Agricultural Products Quality Inspection Station, Tianzhu, Gansu 733299, Chin)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省天祝县农产品质量检测检验站,甘肃天祝733299

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2018年第2期81-85,共5页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD06B03)

摘　　要：山区坡地马铃薯种植中分别采用横向垄、纵向垄、网格垄和平地种植(CK),研究不同起垄方式对土壤水分蓄积和马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明,与对照(CK)平地种植相比,横向垄和网格垄降雨后不同时期土壤含水量提高,地表径流痕降低,促进马铃薯早出苗、早现蕾、早开花,出苗率提高,成熟期延迟、生育期延长,并提高了商品薯率和产量,而纵向垄降雨后不同时期土壤含水量有所降低,地表径流痕提高,使马铃薯晚出苗、晚现蕾、晚开花,降低了出苗率,成熟期提前、生育期缩短,并降低了商品薯率和产量。不同处理中网格垄的商品薯率和产量最高,较对照(CK)平地种植分别提高14.64%和39.67%。因此,在山区坡地马铃薯种植中建议利用横向垄或网格垄来蓄积雨水和增产提质。Horizontal ridge, vertical ridge, grid ridge and level ground were used to plant potato in sloping field of mountain region, and the effects of different ridging modes on soil water accumulation and potato yield were studied.Compared with control（level ground）, the soil moisture contents of horizontal ridge and grid ridge in different periods after rainfall were increased, and the runoff marks were decreased. Furthermore, the emergence, bud flower and flowering stages were advanced, the emergence percentages were increased, the maturities were postponed, and the growth durations were prolonged. Therefore, the marketable tuber percentage and yield were increased. On the contrary, the soil moisture content of vertical ridge in different periods after rainfall was decreased, and the runoff mark was increased. Besides, the emergence, bud flower and flowering stages were postponed, the emergence percentage was decreased, the maturity was advanced, and the growth duration was shortened. All of these led to decreased marketable tuber percentage and yield. Among different treatments, the marketable tuber percentage and yield of grid ridge were the highest, increasing 14.64% and 39.67%, respectively, comparing to control（level ground）. Therefore, the horizontal ridge and grid ridge should be used to preserve water and increase potato yield and quality.

关 键 词：马铃薯 起垄 水分 蓄积 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]