虾贝综合养殖池塘纤毛虫群落结构及与环境因子的关系  

The community structure of planktonic ciliates in relation to environmental factors in polyculture-pond

作　　者：赵亚波[1] 林志华[2] 何京[1] 何琳[2] ZHAO Ya-bo;LIN Zhi-hua;HE Jing;HE Lin(School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211;College of Biological ＆ Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学海洋学院,宁波315211 [2]浙江万里学院生物与环境学院,宁波315100

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2018年第2期43-47,59,共6页Journal of Biology

基　　金：国家贝类产业技术体系(CARS-48);宁波市2015年度科技富民项目(2015C10008)

摘　　要：对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)和泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)综合养殖池塘内浮游纤毛虫进行了采集与种类鉴定,并利用聚类分析和冗余分析(RDA分析)方法,对纤毛虫群落结构的变化、与环境因子的关系进行了分析。共鉴定出46种浮游纤毛虫,主要包括:寡毛目17种,腹毛目9种,钩刺目4种,盾纤目4种,管口目3种。丰度以寡毛目占绝对优势种,其他目丰度较低,试验期间总丰度呈现先下降后快速攀升再下降的趋势,总体上纤毛虫的丰富度指数上升,多样性指数和均匀度指数变化一致。纤毛虫群落结构变化主要体现在寡毛目下拟盗虫属(Strobidinopsis),急游虫属(Strombidium),拟铃虫属(Tintinnopsis)及钩刺目下柱毛虫属(Cyclotrichium)和中缢虫属(Mesodinium)的交替变化。试验期间主要优势种与溶氧(DO)呈显著正相关(P<0.01),其硝酸盐氮(NO_3^-)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO-2)和磷酸盐(PO3-4)含量的最适值较低。结果表明,对虾养殖池塘内纤毛虫以寡毛目为主,其他目占比偏低,群落结构与环境因子(DO,SD,NO_2^-,PO_4^(3-)及NO_3^-)呈现较好的相关性。To understand the community structure of planktonic ciliates and its relationship with environmental factors,planktonic ciliates were collected and identified in mariculture ponds of Litopenaeus vannamei and Tegillarca granosa. Meanwhile,cluster analysis and redundancy analysis were used to analyze the changes of community structure of ciliates and its relationship with physical and chemical factors of water. Results showed that 46 species of planktonic ciliates,mainly containing Oligotrichida（17 species）,Hypotrichida（9 species）,Haptorida（4 species）,Scuticocliliatida（4 species）,Cyrtophorida（3 species）,were identified. From the point of abundance,after the first decline,total abundance showed a trend of rapid increase then decreased,and Oligochaeta was the dominant species,while other species shared a low abundance. Richness index（D） presented an upward trend and the tendency of evenness index（J） went with the change of diversity index（H＇）,which showed a small fluctuation during the breeding period. Changes of community structure of ciliates mainly embodied in Oligochaeta,containing Strobidinopsis,Strombidium and Tintinnopsis,and Haptorid including Cyclotrichium and Mesodinium. Major dominant species were positively correlated with DO（P〈0. 01）,and can multiply in low content of NO3^-,NO-2 and PO4^3-. The results showed that ciliates were mainly Oligotrichida,while others were low and the relationship between community structure of ciliates and nutritions（DO,SD,NO3^-,NO2^- and PO4^3-） showed a good correlation in the pond of shrimp culture.

关 键 词：浮游纤毛虫 凡纳滨对虾 泥蚶 海水养殖 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学] S931.3[农业科学—渔业资源]