高速铁路半、全封闭声屏障振动与降噪效果研究  

Study on Vibration and Noise Reduction of Semi-or FullyEnclosed Noise Barriers of High Speed Railways

作　　者：李小珍[1] 杨得旺 高慰 罗云柯 LI Xiaozhen;YANG Dewang;GAO Wei;LUO Yunke(Depaxtment of Bridge Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学桥梁工程系,成都610031

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2018年第A01期8-13,共6页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51378429);国家863计划资助项目(2011AA11A103)

摘　　要：半封闭、全封闭声屏障能够大幅降低高速铁路噪声,逐渐应用在降噪要求较高的路段。声屏障的振动影响着结构使用年限与运营安全,良好的降噪效果是声屏障性能最主要评价指标。以高速铁路半封闭、全封闭声屏障为研究对象,基于试验和数值仿真分析方法对声屏障振动以及降噪效果开展研究。以沪昆客专杭长段半封闭式声屏障为工程背景,分别现场测试桥梁-声屏障的振动、声屏障内外表面噪声、敞开侧和封闭侧噪声。另外,建立了轮轨动荷载、脉动风压作用下声屏障振动分析模型。针对全封闭金属吸声板、混凝土声屏障,通过数值计算分析动车组(CRH2)轮轨动荷载作用声屏障振动,基于足尺模型试验开展了全封闭声屏障降噪特性的研究。研究结果表明:声屏障的振动大于箱梁振动,且呈现宽频特性。高速铁路半封闭声屏障降噪效果约15 d B(A),全封闭金属吸声板声屏障、全封闭混凝土声屏障,距线路7.5 m处的插入损失约25 d B(A)、22 d B(A)。Semi or fully enclosed sound barriers can greatly reduce the noise of high speed railways, and it is gradually applied to the section with higher noise reduction requirements. The vibration of the noise barriers affects their own service life and operation safety. So, good performance effect of noise reduction is the most important performance index of the noise barriers. In this paper, the noise reduction effects of semi closed and fully enclosed noise barriers of high-speed railways were studied based on the experimental and numerical simulation analysis methods. With the semi closed sound barrier in Shanghai to Kunming passenger line as an engineering background, the vibration of the bridge sound barrier, the noise inside and outside the sound barrier and the noise on the open side and the closed side were tested. In addition, the vibration analysis model of the noise barrier under the wheel-rail dynamic load and fluctuating wind pressure load was established. For the fully-enclosed metal noise barrier and the fully-enclosed concrete noise barrier, the vibration of barriers under the dynamic load of CRH2 was analyzed by the numerical analysis method. Based on full-size model test, the noise reduction characteristics of the fully-enclosed metal noise barrier were studied. The results show that the vibration of the noise barrier is larger than that of the box-shaped girder, and both vibrations have broadband characteristics; the noise reduction effect of the semi-enclosed noise barriers is about 15 d B（A）. At 7.5 m distance from the track central line, the insertion losses of the fully-enclosed metal noise barrier with composite sound absorption plates and the fully-enclosed concrete noise barrier are respectively 25 d B（A） and 22 d B（A）.

关 键 词：声学 半封闭声屏障 全封闭声屏障 振动 降噪效果 高速铁路 

分 类 号：U270.16[机械工程—车辆工程] TU112.594[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]