西北太平洋日本鲭渔业生物学和渔业海洋学研究进展  

Review on Fishery Biology and Fishery Oceanography of Chub Mackerel(Scomber japonicus) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

作　　者：武胜男 陈新军[1,2,3,4,5] WU Sheng-nan;CHEN Xin-jun(College of Marine Sciences of Shanghai Ocean University;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture , Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院 [2]农业部大洋渔业开发重点实验室 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室 [4]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心 [5]农业部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海2013062

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2018年第2期91-100,共10页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：海洋局公益性行业专项(20155014);上海市科技创新计划(15DZ1202200)

摘　　要：【目的】加深了解日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)的渔业生物学和渔业海洋学,为后期的研究以及对其资源的合理利用提供科学依据。【方法】对西北太平洋日本鲭的群体划分、年龄与生长、摄食生态、繁殖习性和洄游等生物学研究进展、资源开发利用状况及其管理制度进行归纳总结。【结果】大多数学者采用地理分布和形态差异为基础对日本鲭进行群体鉴别,利用遗传信息鉴别的研究较少。日本鲭太平洋群体寿命约为7、8龄,对马暖流群体约为6龄,不同群体生长存在差异。不同年龄的成熟比例受成长变化的影响,各群体有不同的洄游路径。海洋环境和气候对日本鲭的资源变动和渔场分布产生重要影响,渔场变迁受黑潮影响显著。日本评估的对马暖流群体的资源量被严重低估,其管理方案不符合我国国情。【结论】为可持续开发和合理利用日本鲭资源,需要加强对日本鲭分子遗传学的分析,研究"黑潮大弯曲"对日本鲭渔场具体的影响机制,充分考虑海洋环境因子和气候变化对产卵群体和渔场的影响以及结合国情制定合理的管理措施等。【Objectives】Better understand the fisheries biology and fisheries oceanography of chub mackerel（Scomber japonicus） and provide a scientific basis for future research and rational utilization of the species.【Method】Literature of S. japonicus in the fields of population division, age and growth, feeding ecology, spawning, migration, development, utilization status and management system in the Northwest Pacific Ocean were reviewed and summarized.【Result】With fewer studies using genetic information for population identification, most scholars have identified populations based on the geographic distribution and morphological variation. The pacific cohort is about 7 or 8 years life span but 6 years life for the Tsushima cohort, with variation in growth of different cohorts. The maturity ratio in all age groups is affected by growth and all cohorts migrate in different routes. Environment and climate have great impacts on the abundance fluctuation and fishing ground distribution of S. japonicus, especially the fishing ground transition which is significantly affected by Kuroshio. The estimated biomass of the Tsushima cohort from Japan is underestimated and its management scheme is not suitable for China.【Conclusion】To promote sustainable development of S. japonicus, it is important to strengthen the analysis of molecular genetics research of S. japonicus, investigate the effects of ＂Kuroshio Meander＂ on the fishing ground, considering influences of marine environmental and climatic variations on spawning and fishing ground and provide reasonable recommendations for management strategies for national.

关 键 词：日本鲭 渔业生物学 海洋环境因子 气候变化 渔业管理 

分 类 号：F326.407[经济管理—产业经济]