哺乳动物着床前胚胎中细胞系的分化及调控机制  

Cell lineage specification and its regulation mechanisms during mammalian preimplantation development

作　　者：王涵 赵盼盼 张坤 WANG Han;ZHAO Panpan;ZHANG Kun(Laboratory of Mammalian Molecular Embryology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学动物科学学院,哺乳动物分子胚胎学实验室,杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2018年第2期125-130,共6页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31672416); 浙江大学“百人计划”启动经费

摘　　要：哺乳动物着床前发育是指精卵结合后胚胎在子宫着床之前的发育。这一阶段的发育时间短(小鼠为4.5 d),但是发生了一系列形态学和发育生物学上的变化。形态上,小鼠在着床前胚胎经历了3个重要变化:8细胞阶段的致密化和极性化、内细胞团和滋养层的分化及原始内胚层和外胚层的分离;在发育生物学方面,受精后会发生染色质重编程、母源因子降解、胚胎基因组激活等事件。本文以小鼠着床前胚胎为例,重点介绍了影响胚胎形态变化的调控机制及参与早期胚胎细胞分化的信号通路。对这些调控机制的理解有助于开发相关技术,从而提高动物繁殖效率或哺乳动物辅助生殖效率。Preimplantation development refers to the early embryonic development between fertilization and implantation. During this short developmental window（4.5 days of mouse）, a series of morphological and developmental changes take place. In morphology, three important changes occurred during preimplantation development in mouse embryos： compaction and polarity at 8-cell stage; inner cell mass and trophectoderm differentiation at early blastocyst stage; epiblast and primitive endoderm segregation at late blastocyst stage. In developmental biology, chromatin reprogramming, degradation of maternal factor, and embryo genomic activation take place after fertilization. Taken preimplantation embryos of mouse as an example, the present review aims to highlight the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the change of embryo morphology, and related signaling pathways of early embryonic cell differentiation, which are essential for the lineage specification. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying the preimplantation development would greatly enhance our capability to improve reproductive performance of domestic animals or increase the efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies in mammals.

关 键 词：胚胎着床前发育 细胞系分化 信号通路 胚胎 内细胞团 滋养层 

分 类 号：Q954.4[生物学—动物学]