索尔仁尼琴晚年小说的历史和生命书写  

Historiography and Life Writing in Solzhenitsyn's Late Fiction

作　　者：李新梅 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学外文学院

出　　处：《当代外国文学》2018年第1期133-142,共10页Contemporary Foreign Literature

基　　金：作者主持的国家社科基金项目"后苏联小说的苏维埃历史叙事研究"的阶段性成果(项目编号:12CWW018)

摘　　要：从1994年回归俄罗斯到2008年仙逝的晚年时期,索尔仁尼琴创作了十几部中短篇小说。这些"最后的小说"几乎囊括了20世纪俄罗斯历史上所有重大事件和现象:10年代末至30年代末的革命战争与社会主义建设,40年代的卫国战争,战后至80、90年代的经济发展和改革。在关照历史现实的同时,索氏更关注人在历史洪流中的命运。他运用"两部分小说"和"一昼夜中篇小说"这些新的体裁形式,对比书写了知识分子、农民、神职人员、青年学生、劳改犯、军人、政客、商界人士等形形色色的人的命运。与之前的文学创作相比,索氏晚年小说在题材、体裁、语言、叙事风格上有所继承,同时也有创新和拓展。In his later years, from his return to Russia in 1994 to his death in 2008, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn wrote dozens of novels and short stories. These final works cover all the major events and phenomena of 20th-century Russian history： revolution, wars and socialist construction from the end of the 1910s to the end of the 1930s; the great patriotic war of the 1940s; the economic development and reform from the postwar era to the 1980s and 1990s. Despite his attention to Russian historical reality in the 20th centu- ry, Solzhenitsyn is much more concerned with human destinies in the turbulent history. Adopting new forms, such as ＂two-part story＂ and ＂one day＇s novel＂, he contrasts the fates of all kinds of characters, such as intellectuals, farmers, clergies, writers, students, inmates, servicemen, politicians and businessmen. His late fiction inherits themes, genres, languages, and narrative styles of his previous works, but with significant innovation and expansion in all aspects.

关 键 词：索尔仁尼琴 晚年小说 20世纪俄罗斯历史 人之命运 

分 类 号：I512.074[文学—其他各国文学]