职业砷、镉作业工人发砷和尿镉水平影响因素分析  

Analysis of influencing factors on the levels of hair arsenic and urine cadmium in workers exposed to arsenic and cadmium

作　　者：廖娟 李寻亚 易珊 王烨 袁小燕 张朝晖[1] LIAO Juan;LI Xunya;YI Shan;WANG Ye;YUAN Xiaoyan;ZHANG Zhaohui(School of Public Health, University of South China, Hu＇nan Province, Hengyang 421001, China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学公共卫生学院,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《中国医药导报》2018年第12期37-40,共4页China Medical Herald

基　　金：国家自然基金面上项目(81573193);湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2015JJ2125)

摘　　要：目的了解衡阳市某厂职业性接触砷(As)、镉(Cd)工人发砷、尿镉超标情况。方法于2014年7月~2016年7月对衡阳市某有色金属厂接触镉、砷工人进行职业健康体检,采用原子荧光法检测工人发砷含量,采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定尿镉含量。结果 2462人次发砷样品中超标率为36.31%(894/2462),157人次的尿液样本中尿镉超标率为83.44%(131/157)。不同年龄段工人发砷及尿镉超标率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男性发砷、尿镉超标率高于女性,工龄越长超标率越高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。冶炼岗位工人发砷超标率高于管理岗位工人(P<0.01)。结论该厂作业工人发砷和尿镉超标严重,应尽快采取有效的职业病危害防护措施。Objective To investigate the hair arsenic and urinary cadmium exposures status of workers exposure to arsenic and cadmium in a factory in Hengyang City. Methods From July 2014 to July 2016, occupational health examinations were conducted on workers exposed to cadmium and arsenic in a factory in Hengyang City. Atomic fluorescence spectrometry was used to detect the hair arsenic and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine urinary cadmium. Results The over-standard rate of arsenic in 2462 workers was 36.31%（894/2462）. The over-standard rate of urinary cadmium in urine samples of 157 workers was 83.44%（131/157）. There was no significant difference in arsenic and urinary cadmium exceeding standard rate among workers of different ages（P 〉 0.05）. The rate of over-standard males was higher than that of females, and the longer the length of service was, the higher the rate of over-stan dard was, with statistically significant difference（P 〈 0.05）. Besides, the rate of arsenic over-standard among management was lower than that among ordinary smelter workers（ P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion Workers in this factory have severe arsenic and urinary cadmium levels, and they should take effective protective measures against occupational hazards as soon as possible.

关 键 词：发砷 尿镉 工作场所 金属冶炼 

分 类 号：R135.4[医药卫生—劳动卫生]