加速器工作人员穿戴铅围裙辐射防护效果监测  

Monitoring on the protecting effect of lead apron of accelerator staff against radiation

作　　者：祖国红[1] 王厚伟[2] ZU Guo-hong,WANG Hou-wei(Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan 250013,China)

机构地区：[1]济南市中心医院肿瘤放疗科,山东济南250013 [2]山东中医药大学药学院,山东济南250013

出　　处：《中国医学装备》2018年第5期25-29,共5页China Medical Equipment

摘　　要：目的:监测加速器工作人员穿戴铅围裙在治疗室辐射防护(接受残余辐射的剂量和损伤)效果。方法:进行铅围裙防护实验,并应用热释光剂量计(TLD)对铅围裙内外对应点的剂量进行监测,在同样的照射条件下,第1次为无金属着装(工作裤无拉链和金属纽扣),第2次穿自己的牛仔裤(均带金属拉链和纽扣一枚),体前围裙内外各取左、中、右(L、M、R)3点,体后无围裙遮挡对穿取3点测试平均有效剂量。结果:(1)进行同次比较铅围裙内外点平均有效剂量,第1次铅围裙内各点平均有效剂量高于铅围裙外各点平均有效剂量,差异有统计学意义(t=0.0002,P<0.01);第2次铅围裙内各点平均有效剂量高于铅围裙外各点平均有效剂量,差异有统计学意义(t=0.0158,P<0.05);(2)进行两次试验平均有效剂量之间的比对,第2次体后各点平均有效剂量明显高于第1次值,差异有统计学意义(t=0.0005,P<0.01);(3)第2次铅围裙内、外平均有效剂量均高于第1次,差异无统计学意义(t=0.0991,t=0.0537;P>0.05)。结论:加速器工作人员,尤其育龄女性仅仅使用铅围裙是不能起到预期的防护作用,相反会增加受照剂量,应严格按照国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)、电离辐射防护与辐射安全基本安全标准(IBSS)和电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准(CBSS)相关规定执行,进入机房不应佩戴有金属物质的配饰和衣服配件;应将降低所受辐射剂量保护健康的方法写入操作规程或指南中。Objective： To monitor the protecting effect of lead apron of accelerator staff against radiation in treatment room（dose and damage of residual radiation）. Methods： In the protection experiment about lead apron, thermoluminescence dosimeter（TLD） was applied to monitor the dose corresponding various point of inside and outside of lead apron. Under the same condition of radiation, the first test aimed at un-metal dressing（the work pants without metal zipper and metal button） and the second test aimed at jeans（those with one metal zipper and one metal button）. At front of the apron, there were 3 points（Left, Middle and Right） of inside and outside were monitored, respectively. And at behind, the body without shelter from apron were tested at 3 points of wearing, and then the average effective dosage were calculated. Results：（1）The averagely effective dosage of inside of lead apron was significantly higher than that of outside at the first test（t=0.0002, P〈0.01）. And the average effective dosage of inside of lead apron was still significantly higher than that of outside at the second test（t=0.0158, P〈0.05）.（2）The averagely effective dosage of various points behind body of second test was significantly higher than that of the first test（t=0.0005, P〈0.01）.（3）The differences of averagely effective dosages of inside and outside of lead apron between the second test and the first test were no significantly（t=0.0991, t=0.0537, P〉0.05）, respectively. Conclusion： Only using lead apron can＇t achieve prospective protection effect and it even can increase the radiation dosage for accelerator staffs, especially for woman of childbearing age. Hospital should strictly implement relevant stipulations of ICRP, IBSS and CBSS and staff should not wear any accessory with metal material. Besides, the relevant method that can reduce radiation dosage and protect health should be written in operation instruction or guidelines.

关 键 词：医用直线加速器 工作人员 铅围裙 辐射防护 监测 

分 类 号：R146[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]