基于潜在瓶颈路段识别的可变信息标志选址分析  

Analysis of Variable Information Sign Location Based on Potential Bottleneck Recognition

作　　者：王建军[1] 金书鑫 任予跃 WANG Jian-jun;JIN Shu-xin;REN Yu-yue(School of Highway, Chang＇an University, Xi＇an 710064, Shaanxi, China;School of Economics and Management, Xi＇an Technological University, Xi＇an 710021, Shaanxi, China;Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Research Institute （Group） Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学公路学院,陕西西安710064 [2]西安工业大学经济管理学院,陕西西安710021 [3]上海市政工程设计研究总院(集团)有限公司,上海200082

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2018年第4期130-138,共9页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51208054);陕西省交通科技项目(15-26K);中央高校优秀博士学位论文培育项目(310821165021);福建省交通运输科技项目(201602);中央高校基础研究培育项目(300102418102);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(300102218410)

摘　　要：为了降低交通事故和交通拥堵对城市交通的影响程度,科学、合理地确定可变信息标志(Variable Message Signs,VMS)规划布设的点位并最大地发挥其交通诱导功能,以VMS的交通分流作用作为其选址的前提,首先利用路段脆弱度指标进行潜在瓶颈路段的识别,并在此基础上结合VMS的影响范围,明确VMS选址的路段候选集合;其次,引用驾驶人对于交通标志记忆的统计数据,得到标志信息随行程距离的衰减规律以确定信息效益,采用ARCGIS软件的网络分析模块寻求可替换路径以确定绕行效益,运用改进的用户均衡交通分配模型求解从VMS候选路段出发的节点间重新分流路径以确定路网总行程时间;最后将VMS信息利用最大化、绕行效益最大化和路网总行程时间最小化作为优化目标,以VMS布设成本作为约束,建立VMS选址优化模型,并以快速分类的非支配遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对选址优化模型进行运算。研究结果表明:以西安城区局部路网为例,可求得不同VMS设置数量下的点位布设非劣方案,从而验证模型和算法的可行性;随着路网VMS设置数量的增加,各Pareto解集的总体信息效益和绕行效益呈线性上升趋势,总行程时间呈线性下降趋势;合理的VMS设置数量能够使各选址方案的目标效益分布趋于集中。To reduce the impact of traffic accidents and traffic congestion on city traffic, the planning point of variable message signs （VMSs） must be scientifically and reasonably determined, and its traffic guidance function should be effectively utilized. With traffic diversion as the precondition of a VMS location, we use the fragile degree of a road section to identify potential bottlenecks. First, definite sections of the VMS location are combined with the affected area of the VMS. Next, the statistical data of the drivers＇ memory of traffic signs are cited to obtain the attenuation law of traffic signs information with distance, which contribute towards information utilizations. Using the network analysis module of the ARCGIS software to obtain a bypass path, which contributes towards detour utilizations, the redistribution path between nodes starting from the VMS candidate section is solved by an improved user equilibrium model to determine the network＇s total travel time. Finally, the optimization obiective is to maximize the information utilizations, maximize the detour utilizations, and minimize the total travel time of the network. Further, the optimization model of the VMS layout is established using the cost of the VMS as a constraint, which is solved by the fast classification of non-dominant genetic algorithm （NSGA-Ⅱ）. By taking the Xi＇an city road network as an example, the results show that the optimization schemes of the VMS layout points are obtained to verify the feasibility of the optimization model and algorithm. The more the number of VMS sets, the greater is the overall information utilizations and detour utilizations of the Pareto solutions, and the more is the linear decrease in the overall trip time. The reasonable quantity of the VMS can result in stable Pareto solutions.

关 键 词：交通工程 可变信息标志 潜在瓶颈路段 多目标优化 遗传算法 用户均衡分配模型 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]