8种园林乔木林冠对雨水截留作用的研究  

Effect of Rainfall Interception by Eight Species of Garden Arbors

作　　者：游宇 车伍[1,2,3] 张伟 罗乙兹[1] YOU Yu;CHE Wu;ZHANG Wei;LUO Yi-ci(Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment 〈 Ministry of Education 〉 , Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;Beifing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境省部共建教育部重点实验室,北京100044 [2]北京建筑大学北京市可持续城市排水系统构建与风险控制工程技术研究中心,北京100044 [3]北京未来城市设计高精尖创新中心,北京100044

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2018年第9期121-127,共7页China Water & Wastewater

摘　　要：林冠截留对雨水径流产流过程有直接的作用,然而我国在城市雨洪管理或海绵城市建设相关研究和实践中关注较少。为此,选择8种典型园林乔木,即毛白杨、银杏、圆柏、国槐、龙爪槐、雪松、紫叶李、西府海棠,在北京建筑大学西城校区内进行现场试验研究,分析16场降雨事件中不同树木林冠对雨水的截留效果,并对林冠的雨水截留体积与场地径流总量控制率之间的关系进行计算与分析。结果表明:(1)相同降雨条件下,两种针叶乔木圆柏、雪松对雨水的截留率较高,随着降雨量的增大,8种乔木林冠的截留率均有所降低;(2)16场降雨中国槐、雪松及银杏的总林冠截留体积明显大于其他5种树木,截留量与林冠覆盖面积对林冠的雨水截留体积都有显著影响;(3)林冠截留产生的径流控制率与降雨量呈负相关关系。在研究区域乔木种类构成及林冠覆盖下垫面条件下,16场降雨中林冠截留效应对研究区域径流总量的削减率为4%。综上,合理的林木种类搭配以及林冠覆盖率的增加都能有效减少雨水产流,林冠截留效果应该纳入海绵城市建设的考虑范畴,相关的设计计算也应该考虑林冠所产生的作用。Rainfall interception of tree canopy has a direct effect on runoff generation, but it receives linle attention in the practices and studies of sponge city construction or urban stormwater management in China. Eight species of typical garden arbors were selected as test samples, namely Populus tomentosa, Ginkgo biloba, Sabina chinensis, Sophora japonica, Sophora pendula, Cedrus deodara, Prunus cerasifera and Midget crabapple, and the experiment was carried out in the Xicheng Campus of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, where the effects of different tree canopy on rainwater capture in 16 rainfall events were analyzed, and the relationship between tree canopy interception and runoff volume was calculated and discussed. Results could be concluded as follows： （1） under the same rainfall condition, the rainfall interception rate of two coniferous trees Sabina chinensis and Cedrus deodara was relatively high, and the interception rates of 8 species of tree canopy declined with the increase of rainfall; （2） The total interception volumes of Sophora japonica, Cedrus deodara, and Ginkgo biloba were obviously higher than other five species of trees in 16 rainfall events, and interception volume of a single tree was mainly decided by tree crown area and rainfall ; （3） The regional runoff reduction rate was negatively associated with the rainfall. Under the same tree species composition and land surface condition of the research area, the reduction rate of tree canopy interception in 16 rain events was 4% of the total area runoff. According to the research results, runoff volume could be decreased by reasonable tree species collocation and modestly increase of canopy coverage. Rainfall interception of tree canopy should be considered in the construction of sponge city, and the effect of tree canopy should also be considered in the related design calculation.

关 键 词：园林乔木 林冠截留量 林冠截留体积 径流控制率 海绵城市 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]