三倍体和四倍体枣减数分裂行为异常现象观察  

Abnormal Meiosis Behaviors of Triploid and Tetraploid Chinese Jujube

作　　者：吕晔[1,2,3] 薛治慧 吴改娥 刘平[1,2] 刘孟军[1,2] Lü Ye;XUE Zhihui;WU Gai＇e;LIU Ping;LIU Mengjun(Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Agricultural University ofHebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China;Institue of Jujube Industry Technology of Hebei , Baoding , Hebei 071 O01, China;Hnghua Experimental School o f Baoding No. 17 Middle School, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学中国枣研究中心,河北保定071001 [2]河北省枣产业技术研究院,河北保定071001 [3]河北省保定十七中英华实验学校,河北保定071001

出　　处：《园艺学报》2018年第4期659-668,共10页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD14B0301);国家自然科学基金项目(31372029);河北省百名优秀创新人才支持计划(Ⅱ)项目(BR2-217);河北省科技条件建设项目(16967645D;169676408G);农业科研杰出人才培养计划项目(2016-2020);河北省科技计划项目(16226313D-1)

摘　　要：以枣自然三倍体‘赞皇大枣’(2n=3x=36)和人工诱变同源四倍体‘辰光’(2n=4x=48)为试材,对多倍体枣花粉母细胞减数分裂过程进行了观察和定量分析,并重点分析了其异常行为。结果表明,多倍体枣减数分裂的每个时期都存在异常,终变期染色体不规则配对,有单价体、二价体、三价体和四价体出现,且出现双核仁;中期Ⅰ和中期Ⅱ有部分染色体游离于赤道板外;中期Ⅱ除十字形纺锤体外,还有平行纺锤体和八字形纺锤体出现;后期Ⅰ和后期Ⅱ出现落后染色体及染色体桥现象;四分体时期出现含有微核或者不含微核的二分体、三分体、四分体。仅在‘赞皇大枣’四分体时期观察到多分体的发生,仅在‘辰光’后期Ⅰ和后期Ⅱ存在胞质提前分裂现象。由于多倍体枣减数分裂行为异常,造成了配子多样化、花粉畸形和育性降低。初步推断,‘赞皇大枣’为同源三倍体,其染色体减数分裂异常行为较同源四倍体‘辰光’更严重。The natural triploid Chinese jujube‘Zanhuang Dazao＇（2 n = 3 x = 36）and artificial autotetraploid ‘Chenguang＇（2 n = 4 x = 48）were used to study the chromosome behaviors,especially abnormal meiosis,of pollen mother cells（PMCs）. Conventional pressed slice method was used to observe the meiosis of PMCs under Olympus light microscope. Abnormal phenomenon was observed in each stage of meiosis. Univalents,bivalents,trivalents and quadrivalents appeared while two nucleoli were observed at diakinesis in both‘Zanhuang Dazao＇and‘Chenguang＇. Some chromosomes were found not being arranged at metaphase plate at metaphaseⅠand metaphaseⅡfollowed by lagged chromosomes and chromosome bridges appeared at anaphaseⅠand anaphaseⅡ. Parallel and tripolar spindles were observed besides normal perpendicular spindles at metaphase Ⅱ. Dyads,triads and tetrads with or without micronucleus appeared at tetrad stage. Polyads were only observed in‘Zanhuang Dazao＇at tetrad stage and abnoraml cytokinesis at anaphaseⅠand Ⅱ were only detected in‘Chenguang＇. Abnormal meiosis behavior led to gamete diversity,pollen deformity and low pollen fertility in polyploid Chinese jujube.‘Zanhuang Dazao＇was preliminarily inferred to be an autopolyploid,and its meiosis behavior is more abnormal than those of autotetraploid‘Chenguang＇.

关 键 词：枣 减数分裂 二分体 三分体 多分体 胞质分裂 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]