水肥一体化模式下日光温室黄瓜氮磷钾优化施肥方案的研究  

Studies on the Optimized Scheme of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizations of Cucumber in Solar-greenhouse Under Integral Control of Water and Fertilization

作　　者：王颀[1] 吴春涛[2] 李丹丹 王海光 毕焕改[1] 艾希珍[1] WANG Qi;WU Chuntao;LI Dandan;WANG Haiguang;BI Huangai;AI Xizhen(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and germplasm Innovation of Agriculture Ministry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province with High Quality and Efficient Production of Fruit and Vegetable, Tai ＇an, Shandong 271018;College of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Dongying Vocational Institute, Dongying, Shandong 257091, China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,农业部黄淮地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点开放实验室,山东果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心,山东泰安271018 [2]东营职业学院生物与生态工程学院,山东东营257091

出　　处：《园艺学报》2018年第4期764-774,共11页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题[鲁财农指[2016]36号]; 山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(SDAIT-05-10); 高校“双一流”建设奖补资金项目(SYL2017YSTD06)

摘　　要：为了探明水肥一体化模式下日光温室黄瓜氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)的适宜施用量,采用三因子D–饱和最优设计,研究N、P_2O_5、K_2O用量对黄瓜产量和品质的影响,建立了以N、P_2O_5、K_2O用量为变量因子,以黄瓜产量和品质为目标函数的三元二次数学模型。通过对模型解析表明:N、P_2O_5、K_2O对黄瓜产量和品质均有显著影响;当N、P_2O_5、K_2O用量分别达到861.5 kg·hm^(-2)、306.1 kg·hm^(-2)和1 082.0 kg·hm^(-2)时,边际产量效应降至0;N、P_2O_5、K_2O用量分别达到688.4 kg·hm^(-2)、320.2 kg·hm^(-2)和1 230.2 kg·hm^(-2)时,边际品质效应降为0。通过计算机模拟运算,得出本试验条件下日光温室黄瓜产量达138 000 kg·hm^(-2)以上,同时品质综合评分达到88分以上的优化施肥方案为N 665.5~827.6 kg·hm^(-2),P_2O_5 267.9~334.3 kg·hm^(-2),K_2O 1 043.1~1 235.0 kg·hm^(-2),适宜的氮磷钾配比为1︰0.40︰1.53。The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the optimum amount of nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P2O5）and potassium（K2O）in cucumber cultivated in solar-greenhouse under integral control of water and fertilization.The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the yield and quality of cucumber were investigated with the three factors and double saturated D-optimum design.A mathematical model for the optimization was established using nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium amounts as the independent variables,and the yield and quality of cucumber as objective function.The results showed that nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium significantly influenced the yield and quality of cucumber,but phosphorus and potassium had a higher effect than nitrogen.When the amount of N,P2O5,K2O reached to861.5 kg·hm^（-2）,306.1 kg·hm^（-2） and 1 082.0 kg·hm^（-2） respectively,the marginal yield effect reduced to zero.Similarly,the marginal quality effect reduced to zero when the amount of N,P2O5,K2O reached to688.4 kg·hm^（-2）,320.2 kg·hm^（-2） and 1 230.2 kg·hm^（-2） respectively.Through simulated computation,the schemes of optimized fertilization of cucumber were finally obtained.The yield of cucumber could reach to 138 000 kg·hm^（-2） or more,and the comprehensive score of quality achieved to 88 when the fertilizer rates are N 665.5–827.6 kg·hm^（-2）,P2O5 267.9–334.3 kg·hm^（-2）,K2O 1 043.1–1 235.0 kg·hm^（-2）.The suitable ratio of N︰P2O5︰K2O is 1︰0.40︰1.53.

关 键 词：黄瓜 氮 磷 钾 日光温室 水肥一体化 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]