南京某大型三甲医院急诊抢救室中毒患者的流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of poisoning patients in emergency room in a tertiary referral hospital in Nanjing

作　　者：孙宝迪 孙兆瑞 杨志洲 张炜[1] 任艺 陈鑫[1] 刘红梅[1] 聂时南[1] Sun Bao - di;Sun Zhao - rui;Yang Zhi - zhou;Zhang Wei;Ren Yi;Chen Xin;Liu Hong - mei;Nie Shi - nan.(Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Nanjing 210002, China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军南京总医院急救医学科,江苏南京210002

出　　处：《中国急救医学》2018年第4期288-293,共6页Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金课题（81701894）;江苏省社会发展面上项目（BE2017720）

摘　　要：目的 分析南京某大型三甲医院急诊抢救室内中毒患者的流行病学特点，为指导中毒患者抢救提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2015-01-01～2017-06-30收住我院急诊抢救室的急性中毒患者446例，收集患者性别、年龄、职业、学历、毒物种类、中毒方式、中毒剂量、中毒原因、抢救时间、患者转归及其预后等病例资料并进行分析。结果 基本情况：年龄在12-94岁之间，平均年龄（42.23±16.75）岁，其中男性270例（60.5%），平均年龄（41.61±16.38）岁，女性176例（39.5%），平均年龄（43.17±17.32）岁，男女比例为1.53。毒物情况：毒物种类共有93种，其中单一中毒429例（96.20%），混合毒物中毒17例（3.80%）；最常见的毒物类型为酒精174例（39.00%）；中毒途径主要为经消化道中毒346例（77.60%）；中毒原因以饮酒过量导致酒精中毒为多见（39.00%）。治疗情况：洗胃治疗114例（32.90%），导泄治疗79例（22.80%），血液净化治疗27例（7.80%）。转归及预后：抢救室出院的患者356例（79.80%），收住急诊病区住院的患者85例（19.10%），抢救室宣布死亡的患者5例（1.10%）。结论 急诊抢救室患者中毒的流行病学特点提示中毒以中年男性为主，酒精中毒为主要中毒类型，虽然酒精中毒的预后均良好，但急诊医师应加强对酒精中毒的重视。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of poisoning patients in emergency room in a large tertiary hospital in Nanjing, and to provide the basis for guiding the rescue of poisoning patients. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 446 cases of acute poisoning patients from 2015 -01 -01 to 2017 -06 -30 who were admitted to emergency room in our hospital. Gender, age, occupation, educational background, poison type, poisoning mode, poisoning dose, poisoning reason, rescue time, prognosis and prognosis of the patients were collected and analyzed. Results The basic situation： age from 12 years old to 94 years old, mean age （42.23 ± 16. 752） years, including 270 cases of male （60.5%）, mean age（41.61 ± 16.38）years old, female 176 cases （39.5%）, mean age （43.17 ± 17.32） years old, male to female ratio was 1.53 ： 1. Poisons situation： there were 93 kinds of poisons, including 429 cases of single poisoning （96.20%） and 17 cases of mixed toxicant poisoning （3.80%）. The most common type of poison was alcohol in 174 cases （ 39% ）. The main route of poisoning was 346 cases of digestive tract poisoning （77.60%）. Alcoholism was the most common cause of poisoning （39%）. Treatment： 114 cases （32.90%） were treated with gastric lavage, 79 cases （22.80%） were treated with catharsis, and 27 cases （7.80%） were treated with blood purification. Outcome and prognosis ： 356 patients （79.80%） were discharged from emergency room, 85 patients （19.10%） were admitted to emergency ward, and 5 patients （1. 10% ） died in emergency room. Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics of poisoning in emergency room showed that poisoning is mainly middle - aged men, alcoholism is the main type of poisoning. Although the prognosis of alcoholism is good, it suggests that emergency physicians should pay more attention to alcoholism.

关 键 词：三甲医院 抢救室 流行病学 中毒 

分 类 号：R459.7[医药卫生—急诊医学]