新计划生育:后人口转变时期计生制度的转型  

New Family Planning: Chinese Population Policy's Transformation and Reform

作　　者：任远[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学人口研究所,教授博士生导师上海200433

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2018年第4期102-108,122,共8页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学基金项目"新中国人口发展史"(2017BHB002)

摘　　要：在人口发展进入后人口转变时期,以及在社会主义市场经济体制逐步建立以后,"计划生育向何处去"这一问题开始凸显。这一问题还不是"全面二孩"的政策问题,而是我国计划生育制度的转型和改革问题。计划生育制度的转型,不应是取消计划生育,而应坚持一种发展中的路径依赖,以及在路径依赖下的继续改革。我国"新计划生育"制度的基本框架为:基本目标是协调微观家庭生育行为和宏观人口环境建设,实现人口长期均衡,并服务于人口健康;工作方式是综合利用社会经济机制统筹解决人口问题;工作内容是促进生育和生殖健康,重视母婴保健和托育养育服务。我国未来的"新计划生育"的转型之路,是迫切且需要有序推动的。China hasimplemented the new "Two Child Policy" since 2016. It shows a series of policy transition, and it calls for Chinese Family Planning institution's further transformation and reforms. First, this paper illustrates China's Family Planning has strong characteristics of administrative family planning, and government-imposed birth quota policy is the main policy tool of family planning. The main purpose of Chinese Family Planning is to control the fertility and to foster the demographic transition. Second, Family planning and the related fertility policies need to have profound reforms after China accomplished the demographic transition after 2000. Third,the paper concludes the basic framework of "New Family Planning", which includes abandoning the administrative birth-quota limits and providing better and comprehensive reproductive health care and family services, avoiding lowering fertility trap to achieve the long-term population balance, and uses more family friendly social policies to provide reproductive and family services, and so on.

关 键 词：新计划生育 后人口转变 计划生育 转型发展 

分 类 号：C924.21[社会学—人口学]