五倍子废渣对小麦生长和产量的影响及施肥对其的缓解效应  

Effects of processing residue of Galla chinensis on growth and yield of Triticum aestivum and alleviating effects of fertilization

作　　者：冯虹毓 胡庭兴[1] 胡红玲[1] 戴薇薇 廖蓉 廖玉华[1] 郑永强 杨珊珊[1] 李琪 FENG Hongyu;HU Tingxing;HU Hongling;DAI Weiwei;LIAO Rong;LIAO Yuhua;ZHENG Yongqiang;YANG Shanshan;LI Qi(Faculty of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China;College of the Environment ＆ Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,四川成都611130 [2]厦门大学环境与生态学院,福建厦门361102 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100083

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第4期28-38,48,共12页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：四川省"十三五"农作物育种攻关项目(2016NZ0098-10);四川省教育厅重点项目(13ZA0246)

摘　　要：【目的】研究五倍子废渣对小麦生长及产量的影响,并分析施肥对此影响的缓解效应,为寻求生物质加工剩余物(生物质工业废渣)的环境友好型循环利用方式提供参考。【方法】采用盆栽试验,设置0(CK),10,20,30,40,50,60g/盆7个废渣添加水平,研究在土壤中添加五倍子废渣对小麦形态指标(株高、地径)、抗氧化酶系统(过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT))、渗透调节物质、产量及其构成因素的影响,分析施肥的缓解效应。【结果】不同添加量五倍子废渣对小麦的生长表现出不同程度的抑制作用。随着废渣分解时间的延长,各处理小麦形态指标的差异性逐渐明显。随着废渣添加量的增加,小麦生长受到的抑制效应逐渐增强。随着废渣分解时间的延长,各处理CAT和SOD活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势,而POD活性则呈逐渐降低的趋势;且高剂量处理的抑制程度强于低剂量处理。随着废渣分解时间的延长,可溶性蛋白含量随着废渣添加量的增加呈下降趋势,而可溶性糖含量则呈上升趋势;到播种后88d时,各处理含量逐渐恢复至正常水平。低剂量废渣处理对小麦产量表现为促进作用,但随着废渣添加量的增加,其抑制作用逐渐增强,小麦的产量构成指标逐渐降低。施肥处理可一定程度缓解五倍子废渣对小麦生长和产量的影响。【结论】采用施肥的形式,在种植小麦的农田中添加不超过5 240kg/hm^2的五倍子废渣,对小麦生长不会产生明显的抑制作用,且废渣分解后还可发挥有机肥功能,一定程度上可实现"生态友好型"还田的目的。【Objective】The effects of processing residue of Galla chinensis on growth and yield of Triticum aestivum were studied and the alleviating effects of fertilization were analyzed to provide refer-ence for seeking environment friendly recycling methods of biomass processing residues.【Method】Pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of processing residues of Galla chinensis on growth,antioxidant enzymes,osmotic adjustment substances,yield and its components of wheat（Triticum aestivum）and the alleviating effects of fertilization.The adding amounts of residues were set to 7 levels（treatments）including 0（CK）,10,20,30,40,50,and 60 g/pot.【Result】Different amounts of residues showed inhibition on growth of wheat and the differences in morphological indexes in all treatments became clear gradually with the extension of time.With the increase of applying amount of residues,the inhibition was increasingly enhanced.The activities of CAT and SOD increased firstly before decreasing while the activity of POD decreased continuously.The treatments with higher applying amounts had higher inhibition than lower applying amounts.The content of soluble protein（SP）decreased while that of soluble sugar（SS）increased with the increase of residue amount.The contents of SP and SS in all treatments showed no significant differences and gradually restored to normal level 88 days after sowing.With the increase of residue amount,the reproductive growth indexes of wheat gradually reduced,and the inhibition increasingly strengthened.Fertilization relieved the effects of residues on growth and yield of wheat to a certain extent.【Conclusion】Applying gallnut residues with amount of no more than 5 240 kg/hm-2 in wheat fields would act as organic fertilizer and achieve eco-friendly returning without affecting the growth of wheat significantly.

关 键 词：五倍子废渣 小麦 生长发育 缓解效应 

分 类 号：S512.106[农业科学—作物学]