大麦青稞小孢子高频再生体系的建立及其在遗传育种上的应用  

Establishment of a Highly Efficient Regeneration System of Isolated Microspores of Barley and Hulless Barley and its Utilization in Genetic Breeding

作　　者：刘成洪[1,2] 郭桂梅 何婷[1,2] 陆瑞菊 黄剑华[1,2] LIU Cheng-hong;GUO Gui-mei;HE Ting;LU Rui-ju;HUANG Jian-hua(Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生物技术研究所,上海201106 [2]上海市农业遗传育种重点实验室,上海201106

出　　处：《大麦与谷类科学》2018年第2期1-6,共6页Barley and Cereal Sciences

基　　金：国家大麦青稞产业技术体系(CARS-05-01A-02)

摘　　要：小孢子培养技术在十字花科油菜等作物育种上的应用已取得巨大成功,但在禾本科作物上进展不大。技术体系难度高和材料基因型限制在很大程度上阻碍了小孢子培养技术在禾本科作物育种中的应用与推广。本文总结了大麦青稞小孢子高频再生体系中的关键步骤与优化条件,将该优化技术体系应用在来自全国大麦青稞主产区的500多份育种材料上,获得了10万多份再生绿苗,并高效形成了加倍单倍体株系,经各地育种团队在当地开展鉴定和品比试验,选育出了一批抗病、耐逆性强、综合性状突出的大麦青稞优良新品系(种),同时在小孢子高频再生技术基础上还拓展了系列遗传改良新方法,显示了该技术的广阔应用前景。The application of isolated microspore culture technology has made remarkable progress on the breeding of cruciferous crops such as rapeseed. However, its utilization in breeding cereal crops is still limited due to the immaturity of the existing technical system and complexity of the genotypes of breeding materials. We had developed a highly efficient regeneration system of isolated microspores of barley and hulless barley, and applied it to the breeding of triticeae crops. Here we summarize its key techniques and optimized conditions. Under the optimized culture system, more than one hundred thousand green plants were generated by using five hundreds of breeding materials collected from domestic major production areas of barley and hulless barley. The double haploid lines were produced efficiently from regenerated green plants and subjected to field screening by local breeding teams; consequently, a number of breeding lines and cultivars were released, which showed strong stress tolerance and strong disease resistance in the field.This can greatly promote the development of breeding barley and hulless barley in China. Meanwhile, a series of new methods for genetic improvement were developed based on the highly efficient microspore regeneration system. Therefore, this technology has broad application prospects.

关 键 词：大麦 小孢子培养技术 高频再生 育种 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学] S336