《联合国海洋法公约》涉海环境争端解决程序之比较分析  

A Comparative Study on Procedures for the Settlement of Disputes Concerning Marine Environment under the UNCLOS

作　　者：蒋小翼[1,2] JIANG Xiaoyi(Wuhan Universit)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院 [2]武汉大学国家领土主权与海洋权益协同创新中心,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《边界与海洋研究》2018年第2期68-82,共15页Journal of Boundary and Ocean Studies

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“世界海洋大国的海洋发展战略研究”(编号:16JZD029)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：《联合国海洋法公约》对海洋环境的保护和保全做出了专门规定。同时,《公约》第287条规定了国际海洋法法庭、国际法院、仲裁法庭以及特别仲裁法庭四种争端解决程序。这四种程序在解决涉海洋环境纠纷和保护海洋环境方面具有不同的地位,发挥着不同的作用。通过梳理和评析《公约》框架下涉海洋环境案件,发现国际海洋法法庭无疑在海洋环境保护和保全方面发挥着至关重要的作用。而国际法院虽具有较高的权威性,但是并未处理过多的关于《公约》解释或适用的海洋环境案例。同时,仲裁法庭并未对环境因素予以特别关注,对海洋环境保护的影响力有限;特别仲裁法庭程序对涉海洋环境的争端解决意义也不大。UNCLOS specially provides for protection and preservation of the marine environment. In addition, Article 287 of the Convention provides the following four means for the settlement of disputes： the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the International Court of Justice, an arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VII and a special arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VIII. These procedures play different roles in settling disputes concerning marine environment and protecting marine environment. After introducing and reviewing cases concerning marine environment under the Convention, it can be found that the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea plays a critical role in protection and preservation of the marine environment. However, although the International Court of Justice is more authoritative, it has addressed few cases concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention on marine environment. Moreover, the mean of arbitral tribunal has showed few concerns on marine environment, thus having limited influence on protection and preservation of the marine environment; the mean of special arbitral tribunal is of little significance to disputes concerning marine environment.

关 键 词：《联合国海洋法公约》 海洋环境 国际海洋法法庭 国际法院 仲裁法庭 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]