爆破振动作用下含软弱夹层边坡稳定性及安全判据  

Stability and safety criterion of a slope with weak interlayer under blasting vibration

作　　者：马冲[1,2] 詹红兵 姚文敏[2] 余海兵[2] MA Chong;ZHAN Hongbing;YAO Wenmin;YU Haibing(School of Mathematical and Physics, China University Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China;Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geoscience , Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China;Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A ＆ M University, TX 77843 3115, USA)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学数学与物理学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学工程学院,湖北武汉430074 [3]美国德州农工大学地质和地球物理系,美国德州778433115

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2018年第3期563-571,共9页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41672317)

摘　　要：运用FLAC3D软件建立了顺层台阶边坡数值模型,首先分析爆破振动作用下边坡的振速响应规律,然后通过边坡的位移、剪应变增量分析其稳定性,最后根据边坡稳定性判据,制定爆破振速安全阈值。研究表明,随着爆心距的增大,振速传播规律为近处衰减快、远处衰减慢,坡面存在高程放大效应,临空面中由于软弱夹层的阻隔影响,使得坡脚的振速最大;边坡的变形破坏受软弱夹层控制,其上覆岩体为潜在滑体,破裂面可以根据水平位移云图和塑性区分布图综合确定;边坡的破坏是一个渐进性的累积过程,位移和剪应变的累积会导致岩体的力学参数不断弱化,爆破振动劣化作用后仍有较大安全储备的边坡只会累积产生永久位移,而接近极限平衡状态的边坡将会失稳;当岩层倾角为15°~23°时,边坡振速安全阀值为21cm/s;当软弱夹层剪出口距离坡顶高度为14m,倾角分别为24°、29°、31°、34°时,安全阀值分别为10、8、6、5cm/s。A numerical model of bedding bench slope was established by using the FLAC3 Dsoftware.First,the dynamic response law of the slope under the blasting waves was analyzed.Then the stability of the slope was analyzed based on the displacement and the shear strain increment.Finally,according to the judgment of the slope stability,the appropriate velocity safety threshold of blasting vibration was developed.Studies reveal that the attenuation rate of the vibration amplitude decreases with higher blaster center distance value.There is elevation amplification effect on the slope and the main vibration velocity reaches the maximum at the foot of the free surface due to the existence of the weak interlayer.The deformation and failure of the slope is controlled by the weak interlayer.The upper rock mass becomes the potential sliding mass when there is tensile and shear failure in the weak interlayer,and the fracture surface can be determined according to the horizontal displacement map and the plastic zone distribution map.The slope failure is a progressive accumulation,displacement and shear strain accumulation will lead to the mechanical parameters of the rock weakening.There is a permanent displacement after blasting vibration if the slope has a great safety margin,while the slope near the state of limit equilibrium will be instability.The safety threshold of the slope is 21 cm/s if the strata inclination is from 15°to 23°.When the cut out height of the slope with the weak interlayer is 14 m and the strata inclinations are 24°,29°,31°and 34°,the corresponding safety threshold will be 10,8,6 and 5 cm/s.

关 键 词：爆破振动 边坡稳定性 安全阈值 软弱夹层 顺层边坡 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学] TU457[理学—力学]