氮素水平对沙地燕麦叶片非结构性碳氮代谢的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer level on non-structural carbon and nitrogen metabolite levels in oats grown in sandy desert soil

作　　者：于华荣[1] 郭园[1] 朱爱民[1] 鲁富英 王乐[1] 张玉霞[1] YU Hua-tong;GUO Yuan;ZHU Ai-min;LU Fu-ying;WANG Le;ZHANG Yu-xia(Feed Crop Engineering Center, College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia University lot the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China;Inner Mongolia Wulate Hou Qi Nursery, Wulate Hou Qi 015500, China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院饲料作物工程中心,内蒙古通辽028000 [2]乌拉特后旗苗圃,内蒙古乌拉特后旗015500

出　　处：《草业学报》2018年第5期61-72,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：内蒙古民族大学硕士启动基金;内蒙古民族大学饲料作物工程中心开放课题(MDK2016019/MDK2017009)资助

摘　　要：为分析追施氮肥对沙地燕麦叶片非结构性碳氮代谢的影响,在内蒙古通辽市科左中旗珠日河牧场的沙化草地,于苗期、分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期4个生育时期,按照15%、40%、25%、20%比例,对燕麦追施70、140、210、280kg·hm^(-2)氮肥(纯N),分别用N_(70)、N_(140)、N_(210)、N_(280)表示,以不施氮肥为对照,用N0表示;检测孕穗期、抽穗期、灌浆期沙地燕麦不同部位叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉、氨基酸、可溶性蛋白含量及硝酸还原酶活性(nitrate reductase,以下简称NR),检测灌浆期沙地燕麦不同部位叶片的蔗糖含量及蔗糖合成酶活性(sucrose synthase,以下简称SS)。结果表明:追施氮肥极显著(P<0.01)降低沙地燕麦叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉、蔗糖等糖类物质含量,且随着氮肥施用水平的增加,沙地燕麦叶片的蔗糖、可溶性糖、淀粉含量呈逐渐降低趋势;追施氮肥沙地燕麦叶片的游离氨基酸含量均较对照增加,在孕穗期和抽穗期N280氮素处理的沙地燕麦叶片游离氨基酸含量最高,在灌浆期N_(210)氮素处理的游离氨基酸含量最高;可溶性蛋白含量在不同生育时期均极显著高于对照(P<0.01),在孕穗期N_(210)氮素处理的可溶性蛋白含量最高,在抽穗期则以N280氮素处理含量最高,在灌浆期上部叶以N_(210)氮素处理含量最高,中部叶和下部叶以N280氮素处理含量最高;沙地燕麦叶片在灌浆期上、中、下部叶片的蔗糖合成酶活性(3.61、6.50、13.44μg·g^(-1)FW·h^(-1))和硝酸还原酶活性(81.6、84.8、76.2μg·g^(-1)FW·h^(-1))均在N70氮素处理最强,极显著(P<0.01)高于对照和其他氮素水平处理,且随着氮肥施用水平的增加蔗糖合成酶和硝酸还原酶活性降低极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05);追施氮肥对沙地燕麦叶片的硝态氮含量没有明显的影响;孕穗期对照(N0)燕麦上、中、下部叶片的C/N均最大,分别是9.00、5.70、1.48,进入抽穗期和灌浆期,则以N_(210)氮肥处This study was located at Kezuozhong near Tongliao City,in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China,and investigated the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on non-structural carbon and nitrogen metabolite levels in leaves of oats（Avena sativa）grown in a desert environment.Nitrogen fertilizer was applied as urea at 70,140,210 and 280 kg·ha^（-1） elemental N,and with a no-N treatment as a control（designated N_（70）,N_（140）,N_（210）,N280,and N0,respectively）.Separate fertilizer applications comprising 15%,40%,25%,and20% of the total,respectively,were made at seedling,tillering,jointing,and heading stages of crop development.Soluble sugar,starch,amino acid,soluble protein（SP）content and nitrate reductase activity（NR）were measured for leaf samples collected from various positions at the booting,heading and grain filling growth stages.Sucrose content and activity of sucrose synthase（SS）were also measured at the grain filling stage.It was found that nitrogen fertilizer significantly（P0.01）reduced the carbohydrate content（including soluble sugars,starches and glucose）,with the size of the reduction in proportion to the quantity of N applied.Conversely,free amino acid levels in leaves were increased by N fertilizer and were highest in the N280 treatment at booting and heading stages,and were also high in the N_（210） nitrogen treatment at the watery dough stage of grain fill.Similarly,SP content was significantly higher in N-treated plants than in the control（P0.01）and varied across growth stages,with highest values recorded in the N_（210） treatment at the booting stage,and in the N280 treatment at the heading stage.In terms of variation within the plant,SP concentration in the upper leaves was the highest in the N_（210） treatment,while in the middle and lower leaves SP was the highest in N280 nitrogen treatment in the watery dough stage.At grain filling stage,in the N_（70） treatment,SS activities were 3.61,6.50,and13.44μg·g-1 FW·h-1,respectively

关 键 词：燕麦 氮肥 碳氮代谢 碳氮比 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]