Si基锂离子电池负极材料的纳米化和合金化  

Nanostructuring and Alloying of Si-Based Anode Materials

作　　者：曲晓雷[1] 蒲凯超 高明霞[1] 刘永锋[1] 潘洪革[1] U Xiaolei;PU Kaic hao;GAO Mingxia;LIU Yong feng;PAN Hongge(State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and ApplicatiZhejiang Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学材料科学与工程学院硅材料国家重点实验室浙江省电池新材料与应用技术研究重点实验室,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2018年第4期254-263,共10页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51471152;51571178);国家材料基因组计划(2016YFB0700600);国家青年拔尖人才支持计划

摘　　要：Si作为一种新型锂离子电池负极材料,具有理论比容量高、来源丰富、成本低廉、安全性能好等优点,近年来备受关注。但其在充放电过程中会产生巨大的体积变化而使得材料粉化严重,导致循环过程中容量迅速衰退,难以满足实用化的需求。纳米化和合金化是改善Si负极材料的有效途径,纳米化能够有效缓解材料嵌脱锂过程中体积变化造成的机械应力、缩短锂离子的迁移距离,从而明显改善Si基材料的电化学循环稳定性能;合金化可以减小材料在脱嵌锂过程的体积变化率、提高材料的电导率,也可以延长Si基材料的循环寿命。此外,Si合金的振实密度高、制备工艺简单,有利于规模化应用。在简要综述最近5年在Si基锂离子电池负极材料的纳米化和合金化方面的研究进展的同时,重点关注了不同纳米结构和合金化方法对其电化学储锂容量、倍率性能和循环稳定性能的影响。As a new-type anode material of Lithium-ion batteries,silicon （ Si） has attracted much attenyears, due to its high theoretical capacity, abundance on earth, low cost and good safety. However, the huge volume changeduring charge/discharge process induces severe pulverization and fast capacity fading, which prevents Si-based anode frompractical applications. Nanostructuring and alloying are effective approaches to improve the electrochemSi-based anode materials. Nanostructure can help release the mechanical stress caused by volume expansion,and shortenmigration distance of Li-ion, consequently improve the electrochemical stability of Si. Alloying can reduce the volume change rate of Si-based materials during charge/discharge, enhance the conductivity, and also extends the lifetime of Si anode. Further-more, the preparation process of Si-based alloys with high tap density is simple and scalable for mthe development of Si nanostructures and aioys in recent 5 years is briefly summarized by focusing on their effects on electro-chemical capacity, rate performance and cycling stability.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 负极材料 Si基材料 纳米化 合金化 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]